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Abstract(s)
A evolução demográfica do planeta e os atuais padrões de consumo, exigem uma
gestão eficiente e sustentável dos recursos naturais, e em particular da água, de
forma a não se comprometerem as necessidades das gerações futuras. A evolução
tecnológica das últimas décadas colocou no mercado produtos que se veio a
perceber serem nefastos para o ambiente e para a saúde pública. À medida que se
desenvolveram novas valências analíticas, algumas dessas substâncias começaram
a ser quantificadas e foram-se aprofundando estudos sobre os danos que causavam
em diversos organismos, incluindo nos humanos. Surgiram assim os Poluentes de
Preocupação Emergente (PPE), que se têm vindo a quantificar em diversos tipos
de água, nomeadamente em efluentes urbanos tratados e em águas superficiais. No
cenário de seca que Portugal tem vindo a atravessar, mais acentuado nos últimos
anos, o uso de Água para Reutilização (ApR) pode constituir uma origem
alternativa importante, para suprir algumas necessidades hídricas (sobretudo) não
potáveis, sendo considerada uma prioridade no atual Plano de Eficiência Hídrica.
Neste estudo, utilizaram-se dados disponíveis no Sistema Nacional de Informação
de Recursos Hídricos (SNIRH) e outros fornecidos pela APA, para se avaliar a
presença de três PPE (nonilfenóis, ftalato e diclofenac) de 2010 a 2021 em massas
de água nas 8 Regiões Hidrográficas (RH) de Portugal Continental, assim como
em efluentes tratados pelas Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR)
urbanas com mais de 100 000 p.e. das diferentes RH. Verificou-se que os
nonilfenóis e ftalato existem frequentemente nos efluentes tratados, e que estão em
concentrações mais elevadas nas massas de água das RH onde a pressão antrópica
(urbanística, agrícola e industrial) é mais acentuada. O diclofenac quantificou-se
em concentrações mais elevadas no Rio Tejo e nas Ribeiras do Oeste, seguindo-se
no Rio Douro, coincidindo com os maiores aglomerados populacionais do país.
Não houve um padrão definido de evolução temporal dos PPE nos meios recetores.
Por outro lado, este estudo mostrou que, a eliminação dos PPE nos efluentes
urbanos tratados é necessária, uma vez que a descarga direta destes efluentes nas
águas superficiais, podem constituir uma ameaça aos ecossistemas aquáticos e a
limitação ao aumento do uso de ApR.
The planet's demographic evolution and current consumption patterns require an efficient and sustainable management of natural resources, and in particular water, so as not to compromise the needs of future generations. Technological developments in recent decades have introduce products on the market that have come to be perceived as harmful to the environment and public health. As new analytical skills were developed, some of these substances began to be quantified and studies were deepened on the damage they caused in different organisms, including humans. Thus emerged the Pollutants of Emerging Concern (PEC), which have been quantified in various types of water, namely in treated urban effluents and in surface water. In the drought scenario that Portugal has been going through, more severe in recent years, the water reuse can constitute an important alternative source, to supply some (mainly) non-potable water needs, being considered a priority in the current Water Efficiency Plan. In this study, we used data available from the National Water Resources Information System (SNIRH) and provided by the APA to assess the presence of nonylphenols, phthalate and diclofenac from 2010 to 2021 in water bodies in the 8 Hydrographic Regions (HR) of Continental Portugal, as well as in effluents treated by urban Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)s with more than 100,000 e.p. of the different HR. It was found that nonylphenols and phthalates frequently exist in treated effluents, and that they are in higher concentrations in the water bodies of RH where anthropic pressure (urban, agricultural, and industrial) is more pronounced. Diclofenac was quantified in higher concentrations in the Tagus River and Ribeiras do Oeste, followed by the Douro River, coinciding with the largest population centers in the country. There was no defined pattern of evolution over time for PEC in water bodies. On the other hand, this study showed that the elimination of PPE in treated urban effluents is necessary, since the direct discharge of these effluents into the surface waters can constitute a threat to aquatic ecosystems and a limitation to the rise of water reuse.
The planet's demographic evolution and current consumption patterns require an efficient and sustainable management of natural resources, and in particular water, so as not to compromise the needs of future generations. Technological developments in recent decades have introduce products on the market that have come to be perceived as harmful to the environment and public health. As new analytical skills were developed, some of these substances began to be quantified and studies were deepened on the damage they caused in different organisms, including humans. Thus emerged the Pollutants of Emerging Concern (PEC), which have been quantified in various types of water, namely in treated urban effluents and in surface water. In the drought scenario that Portugal has been going through, more severe in recent years, the water reuse can constitute an important alternative source, to supply some (mainly) non-potable water needs, being considered a priority in the current Water Efficiency Plan. In this study, we used data available from the National Water Resources Information System (SNIRH) and provided by the APA to assess the presence of nonylphenols, phthalate and diclofenac from 2010 to 2021 in water bodies in the 8 Hydrographic Regions (HR) of Continental Portugal, as well as in effluents treated by urban Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)s with more than 100,000 e.p. of the different HR. It was found that nonylphenols and phthalates frequently exist in treated effluents, and that they are in higher concentrations in the water bodies of RH where anthropic pressure (urban, agricultural, and industrial) is more pronounced. Diclofenac was quantified in higher concentrations in the Tagus River and Ribeiras do Oeste, followed by the Douro River, coinciding with the largest population centers in the country. There was no defined pattern of evolution over time for PEC in water bodies. On the other hand, this study showed that the elimination of PPE in treated urban effluents is necessary, since the direct discharge of these effluents into the surface waters can constitute a threat to aquatic ecosystems and a limitation to the rise of water reuse.
Description
Keywords
Ciclo urbano da água Nonilfenóis Ftalato Diclofenac Água para reutilização