Teotónio Fernandes, Mónica AlexandraDe Sousa-Coelho, Ana LuísaMéndez-Lucas, Andrés2025-10-042025-10-042025-08-292296-858Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/27789Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with both incidence and mortality continuing to rise despite advances in diagnosis and treatment (1). While early-stage cancers often respond to conventional therapies, advanced and recurrent tumors frequently develop resistance, limiting long-term therapeutic efficacy (2).Two fundamental hallmarks of cancer, immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming, enable tumors to thrive in hostile microenvironments (3, 4). Although immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer care, a significant proportion of patients either fail to respond or acquire resistance over time (5). In parallel, altered tumor metabolism is increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic target, particularly for enhancing responses to immunotherapy (7).This Research Topic highlights recent advances that move beyond traditional treatment. Collectively, the nine featured articles provide valuable insights into the interplay between immunity and metabolism in cancer, exploring strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve clinical outcomes across diverse cancer types.engCancer therapyBiomarkersImmunotherapyMetabolismTherapy resistancePersonalized medicinejournal article10.3389/fmed.2025.1677300