Oliveira, R. F.Lopes, M.Carneiro, L. A.Canario, Adelino V. M.2014-05-152014-05-152001Oliveira, Rui F.; Lopes, Marco; Carneiro, Luis A.; Canário, Adelino V. M. Watching fights raises fish hormone levels, Nature, 409, 6819, 475-475, 2001.0028-0836AUT: ACA00258;http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3971Social interactions among the animals in a group affect their subsequent behaviour, manifesting as dominance hierarchies or territoriality, for example, and meaning that behaviour is adjusted to social context1. These interactions are thought to be modulated by androgens, allowing the agonistic motivation of individuals to adjust to changes in their social environment; androgen production is itself determined by sexual status and by social contacts among conspecifics2. Here we show that the adaptive value of socially modulated androgen levels in male cichlid fish can be extended to bystanders who watch but who do not participate in social confrontation.engjournal article2014-05-09