Hirschenhauser, K.Canario, Adelino V. M.Ros, A. F. H.Taborsky, M.Oliveira, R. F.2014-05-072014-05-072008-10Hirschenhauser, Katharina; Canário, Adelino V.M.; Ros, Albert F.H.; Taborsky, Michael; Oliveira, Rui F.Social context may affect urinary excretion of 11-ketotestosterone in African cichlids, Behaviour, 145, 10, 1367-1388, 2008.0005-7959AUT: ACA00258http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3797We previously investigated the androgen responsiveness of males to simulated partner and territory intrusions in five African cichlid species (Neolamprologus pulcher, Lamprologus callipterus, Tropheus moorii, Pseudosimochromis curvifrons, Oreochromis mossambicus; Hirschenhauser et al., 2004). Here we re-analysed data on 11 ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in holding water to compare the free (presumably from the gills) and conjugated (presumably from urine and faeces) 11-KT fractions. We sampled (i) pre-test baseline control levels from individual males in social isolation and (ii) response levels released after social interactions, either with an ovulating female or a male territory intruder. In four out of five species, conjugated metabolites contributed to the observed total 11-KT responses in water during social context, which was particularly apparent in peak responsive individuals exposed to male intruders. Thus, in water from males sampled in isolation immunoreactive 11-KT seemed to derive both from gills and urine, whereas the urinary 11-KT component apparently increased in the social context, particularly when a male was challenged by a same-sex intruder. These results suggest that (i) the social context may affect urine release patterns of males and (ii) 11-KT data acquired by using fish-holding water may not simply reflect the passive transmission of steroid hormones via the gills.engAndrogen responsesNon-invasive methodsConjugated metabolitesSteroid excretionChallengeUrineCichlidGill diffusionjournal article2014-05-07http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853908785765935