Rosa, Cristóvão H.Monteiro, Cristina P.Barata, CláudiaEspada, Mário C.Valamatos, Maria JoãoBento, Andréda Palma Minhalma, Ricardo JoséReis, Joana Filipa2024-11-132024-11-132024-08-131439-6319http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/26266Purpose To investigate the impact of voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volumes (VHL) during upper body repeated sprints (RS) on performance, metabolic markers and muscle oxygenation in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. Methods Eighteen male well-trained athletes performed two randomized RS sessions, one with normal breathing (RSN) and another with VHL (RS-VHL), on an arm cycle ergometer, consisting of two sets of eight all-out 6-s sprints performed every 30 s. Peak (PPO), mean power output (MPO), and RS percentage decrement score were calculated. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), gas exchange, and muscle oxygenation of the long head of the triceps brachii were continuously recorded. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) was measured at the end of each set. Bench press throw peak power (BPPP) was recorded before and after the RS protocol. Results Although SpO2 was not diferent between conditions, PPO and MPO were signifcantly lower in RS-VHL. V̇ E, HR, [La], and RER were lower in RS-VHL, and VO2 was higher in RS-VLH than in RSN. Muscle oxygenation was not diferent between conditions nor was its pattern of change across the RS protocol infuenced by condition. [La] was lower in RS-VHL than in RSN after both sets. Conclusion Performance was signifcantly lower in RS-VHL, even though SPO2 was not consistent with hypoxemia. However, the fatigue index was not signifcantly afected by VHL, nor was the neuromuscular upper body power after the RSVHL protocol. Additionally, [La] was lower, and oxygen consumption was higher in RS-VHL, suggesting a higher aerobic contribution in this condition.engArm cycle ergometerVoluntary hypoventilation with low lung volumeEnd-expiratory breath-holdHypoxiaRepeated sprintingjournal article10.1007/s00421-024-05569-11439-6327