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- A comparison of tool-use flexibility between captive chimpanzees and bonobosPublication . Bandini, Elisa; Harrison, Rachel; Hrubesch, Christine; Forss, SofiaDespite chimpanzees and bonobos sharing close phylogenetic ties to humans, chimpanzees are the more common model species in multiple fields of comparative research. One reason for this bias is the variation in tool repertoire size observed between the two species. Previous studies have examined the factors driving this difference, but few have targeted flexibility in how tools are used. We studied bonobos and chimpanzees under similar conditions in captivity, thus excluding any ecological variation present in these species’ natural habitats. We examined whether the species differed in their ability to switch between tools, a trait that may facilitate tool innovation in primates. To do so, we provided the apes with a task that required switching tool type from a rigid stick to a bendable rope to forage successfully. Our data suggest that there are no significant differences in tool-use performance between chimpanzees and bonobos in captivity. However, we found significant differences in the species’ exploration tendencies. While chimpanzees fixed their attention on stick tools, bonobos switched their attention more easily towards the rope, potentially due to less functional fixedness. We also found significant within-species differences between institutions. These findings suggest that future research should disentangle intrinsic flexibility in exploration and account for institution and group level effects.
- EVApeCognition: an 18-year dataset of great ape cognition.Publication . Sánchez-Amaro, Alejandro; Ebel van Wijk, Sonja J.; Molenaar, Carin; Abuova, Akzira; Mujica-Manrique, Lizbeth; Leisterer-Peoples, Sarah M.; Beheim, Bret; Maurits, Luke; Albiach-Serrano, Anna; Allritz, Matthias; Altınok, Nazli; Amici, Federica; Auersperg, Alice Mi; Aureli, Filippo; Bandini, Elisa; Barth, Jochen; Benziad, Leïla; Bläsing, Bettina E.; Bohn, Manuel; Bourjade, Marie; Bräuer, Juliane; Broihanne, Marie-Hélène; Brosnan, Sarah F.; Bueno-Guerra, Nereida; Bugnyar, Thomas; Buttelmann, David; Buttelmann, Frances; Cacchione, Trix; Carpenter, Malinda; Colmenares, Fernando; Crockford, Catherine; Cronin, Katherine A.; de Las Heras, África; De Marco, Arianna; DeTroy, Sarah E.; Dufour, Valérie; Duguid, Shona; Dunbar, Robin I. M.; Eckert, Johanna; Engelmann, Jan M.; Fagot, Joel; Fischer, Julia; Forss, Sofia Ingrid Fredrika; Funk, Martina; Gergely, György; Greenberg, Julia R.; Großmann, Johannes; Grüneisen, Sebastian; Halina, Marta; Hanus, Daniel; Heilbronner, Sarah R.; Heintz, Christophe; Hepach, Robert; Herrmann, Esther; Hirata, Satoshi; Hribar, Alenka; Janzen, Gabriele; Kaminski, Juliane; Kanngiesser, Patricia; Kano, Fumihiro; Kirchhofer, Katharina C.; Knofe, Hagen; Kopp, Kathrin S.; Krupenye, Christopher; Laumer, Isabelle Barbara; Levinson, Stephen C.; Liszkowski, Ulf; Manrique, Héctor M.; Martin-Ordas, Gema; McEwen, Emma Suvi; Moore, Richard T.; Munar, Enric; Nadal, Marcos; Nawroth, Christian; Nolte, Suska; Pelé, Marie; Potì, Patrizia; Rakoczy, Hannes; Riedel, Julia; Romain, Amélie; Rossano, Federico; Russell, Yvan I.; Sabbatini, Gloria; Schäfer, Marie; Scheumann, Marina; Schmelz, Martin; Schmid, Benjamin; Schmitt, Vanesa; Sebastián-Enesco, Carla; Seed, Amanda Madeleine; Suda-King, Chikako; Tauzin, Tibor; Tempelmann, Sebastian; Tennie, Claudio; Truppa, Valentina; Uher, Jana; Vaish, Amrisha; J C van Leeuwen, Edwin; Visalberghi, Elisabetta M.; Völter, Christoph J.; Vonau, Victoria; Wascher, Claudia A. F.; Wittig, Roman M.; Wolf, Wouter; Tomasello, Michael; Liebal, Katja; Call, Josep; Haun, Daniel B. M.The study of great ape cognition offers insights into the evolutionary origins of human intelligence, but is hindered by small sample sizes and restricted access to data. To address this, we present the EVApeCognition Dataset, a publicly available resource comprising 262 experimental datasets from 150 scientific publications from the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center (2004–2021) in Leipzig, Germany. Eighty-one apes participated in 150 studies, with a majority (N = 78) participating in more than one study. Publication of the dataset aims to make these unique datasets accessible for future meta-analyses and correlational analyses, helping us better understand how our great ape relatives think, learn, and behave.
- Parsimony, homology and the continuity of stone tool use in the hominin cladePublication . Proffitt, Tomos; Reeves, Jonathan S.; Bandini, ElisaWhether the last common ancestor (LCA) of Homo and Pan (ca. 6–7 Ma) used stone tools is a foundational question in palaeoanthropology. However, it is often treated as known rather than as a hypothesis requiring substantiation. Lacking fossil evidence for the LCA, this assumption is based on data from extant primates and the available hominin fossil record. Phylogenetic approaches invoking parsimony argue that the presence of stone tool use in both Pan and Homo reflects homology rather than convergent evolution. While methodologically legitimate, we argue that this framework has been applied without sufficient attention to the specific criteria for this to be true. For homology to hold, stone tool use must have been continuously expressed across generations of both lineages from the LCA to the present. We evaluate this claim against three lines of evidence: behavioural data from extant primates, showing that stone tool use is heterogeneous within Pan; the hominin fossil and archaeological record, which leaves a substantial evidential gap between the LCA and the earliest known documented technologies; and comparative data from phylogenetically distant tool using animals, which show that similar behaviours can arise independently under comparable ecological conditions. Together, these lines of evidence favour a model of multiple, context-dependent origins of stone tool use over unbroken inheritance from a tool using LCA.