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Can Cephalopods vomit? Hypothesis based on a review of circumstantial evidence and preliminary experimental observations

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSykes, António
dc.contributor.authorAlmansa, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorPonte, Giovanna
dc.contributor.authorCooke, Gavan M.
dc.contributor.authorAndrews, Paul L. R.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-17T10:21:31Z
dc.date.available2020-09-17T10:21:31Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractIn representative species of all vertebrate classes, the oral ejection of upper digestive tract contents by vomiting or regurgitation is used to void food contaminated with toxins or containing indigestible material not voidable in the feces. Vomiting or regurgitation has been reported in a number of invertebrate marine species (Exaiptasia diaphana, Cancer productus, and Pleurobranchaea californica), prompting consideration of whether cephalopods have this capability. This "hypothesis and theory" paper reviews four lines of supporting evidence: (1) the mollusk P. californica sharing some digestive tract morphological and innervation similarities with Octopus vulgaris is able to vomit or regurgitate with the mechanisms well characterized, providing an example of motor program switching; (2) a rationale for vomiting or regurgitation in cephalopods based upon the potential requirement to void indigestible material, which may cause damage and ejection of toxin contaminated food; (3) anecdotal reports (including from the literature) of vomiting- or regurgitation-like behavior in several species of cephalopod (Sepia officinalis, Sepioteuthis sepioidea, O. vulgaris, and Enteroctopus dofleini); and (4) anatomical and physiological studies indicating that ejection of gastric/crop contents via the buccal cavity is a theoretical possibility by retroperistalsis in the upper digestive tract (esophagus, crop, and stomach). We have not identified any publications refuting our hypothesis, so a balanced review is not possible. Overall, the evidence presented is circumstantial, so experiments adapting current methodology (e.g., research community survey, in vitro studies of motility, and analysis of indigestible gut contents and feces) are described to obtain additional evidence to either support or refute our hypothesis. We recognize the possibility that further research may not support the hypothesis; therefore, we consider how cephalopods may protect themselves against ingestion of toxic food by external chemodetection prior to ingestion and digestive gland detoxification post-ingestion. Reviewing the evidence for the hypothesis has identified a number of gaps in knowledge of the anatomy (e.g., the presence of sphincters) and physiology (e.g., the fate of indigestible food residues, pH of digestive secretions, sensory innervation, and digestive gland detoxification mechanisms) of the digestive tract as well as a paucity of recent studies on the role of epithelial chemoreceptors in prey identification and food intake.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipFCT 2014 (IF/00576/2014) Programa Operacional Mar2020 (Portugal2020/FEAMP); Project SEPIACUL (project number 16-02-01-FMP-53), and from FCT through Plurennial funding to CCMAR (UID/Multi/04326/2019).pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2020.00765pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn1664-042X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/14729
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediapt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectDigestive tractpt_PT
dc.subjectMotilitypt_PT
dc.subjectSepia officinalispt_PT
dc.subjectVomitingpt_PT
dc.subjectWelfarept_PT
dc.subjectNutritionpt_PT
dc.subjectOctopus vulgarispt_PT
dc.subjectRegurgitationpt_PT
dc.titleCan Cephalopods vomit? Hypothesis based on a review of circumstantial evidence and preliminary experimental observationspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.startPage765pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Physiologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume11pt_PT
person.familyNameSykes
person.givenNameAntónio
person.identifier107454
person.identifier.ciencia-id7510-6641-5A42
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5207-0612
person.identifier.ridC-3609-2012
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102626426
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb9d55f95-5de8-40cf-82a3-96ec98c91a55
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb9d55f95-5de8-40cf-82a3-96ec98c91a55

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