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Potencial terapêutico da irisina na terapêutica da obesidade
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Abstract(s)
A obesidade constitui uma doença crónica e um problema de saúde pública, que
se caracteriza por um excesso de gordura corporal acumulada, que pode ser prejudicial à
saúde de um indivíduo. Resulta de um conjunto de balanços energéticos positivos, em
que o consumo calórico é superior ao gasto. A sua prevalência tem vindo a aumentar nos
últimos anos, tendo quase triplicado nos últimos 40 anos, a nível mundial.
A terapêutica farmacológica da obesidade é, atualmente, muito limitada, e inclui
apenas três fármacos aprovados a nível europeu: o orlistato, o liraglutido e a associação
de bupropiom e naltrexona. A terapêutica de 1ªlinha é o liraglutido, por ter menos efeitos
adversos, maior evidência científica e maior efetividade.
A terapêutica não farmacológica, que constitui a primeira opção de tratamento,
inclui a terapêutica nutricional, a prática de exercício físico regular, a terapêutica
comportamental, e em casos mais extremos, a cirurgia bariátrica.
Em 2012, foi descoberta, em Harvard, uma hormona, a irisina, produzida pelo
músculo esquelético durante a prática de exercício físico, capaz de aumentar a
termogénese e de promover o browning do tecido adiposo, constituindo uma potencial
opção na terapêutica da obesidade. Até ao momento, ainda não foi identificado um recetor
específico para a irisina e o seu mecanismo de ação ainda não está completamente
esclarecido. Esta mioquina surge, assim como uma forma de justificar os efeitos benéficos
do exercício físico em múltiplas patologias.
Para além da obesidade, existem estudos sobre a aplicação desta mioquina noutras
doenças, quer como tratamento quer como biomarcador da sua evolução, nomeadamente
na diabetes tipo 2, na doença cardiovascular, na doença de Alzheimer, entre outras. No
entanto, os resultados obtidos pelos diversos estudos são, muitas vezes controversos.
Além disso, a maioria dos estudos recorre a modelos animais, e nem sempre os resultados
são transponíveis para a espécie humana.
Obesity is a chronic disease and a public health problem, characterized by an excess of accumulated body fat, which can be harmful to an individual's health. It results from a set of positive energy balances, in which caloric consumption is greater than expenditure. Its prevalence has been increasing in recent years, having almost tripled in the last 40 years, worldwide. Pharmacological therapy for obesity is currently very limited and includes only three drugs approved at European level: orlistat, liraglutide and the combination of bupropion and naltrexone. The 1st line therapy is liraglutide, as it has fewer adverse effects, greater scientific evidence and greater effectiveness. Non-pharmacological therapy, which is the first treatment option, includes nutritional therapy, regular physical exercise, behavioral therapy, and in more extreme cases, bariatric surgery. In 2012, a hormone, irisin, was discovered at Harvard, and it’s produced by the skeletal muscle during physical exercise, capable of increasing thermogenesis and promoting the browning of adipose tissue, constituting a potential option in obesity therapy. So far, a specific receptor for irisin has not been identified and its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. This myokine appears to justify the beneficial effects of physical exercise in multiple pathologies. In addition to obesity, there are studies on the application of this myokine in other diseases, either as a treatment or as a biomarker of its evolution, namely in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, among others. However, the results obtained by the various studies are often controversial. In addition, most studies use animal models, and the results are not always transferable to the human species.
Obesity is a chronic disease and a public health problem, characterized by an excess of accumulated body fat, which can be harmful to an individual's health. It results from a set of positive energy balances, in which caloric consumption is greater than expenditure. Its prevalence has been increasing in recent years, having almost tripled in the last 40 years, worldwide. Pharmacological therapy for obesity is currently very limited and includes only three drugs approved at European level: orlistat, liraglutide and the combination of bupropion and naltrexone. The 1st line therapy is liraglutide, as it has fewer adverse effects, greater scientific evidence and greater effectiveness. Non-pharmacological therapy, which is the first treatment option, includes nutritional therapy, regular physical exercise, behavioral therapy, and in more extreme cases, bariatric surgery. In 2012, a hormone, irisin, was discovered at Harvard, and it’s produced by the skeletal muscle during physical exercise, capable of increasing thermogenesis and promoting the browning of adipose tissue, constituting a potential option in obesity therapy. So far, a specific receptor for irisin has not been identified and its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. This myokine appears to justify the beneficial effects of physical exercise in multiple pathologies. In addition to obesity, there are studies on the application of this myokine in other diseases, either as a treatment or as a biomarker of its evolution, namely in type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, among others. However, the results obtained by the various studies are often controversial. In addition, most studies use animal models, and the results are not always transferable to the human species.
Description
Keywords
Irisina Excesso de peso Obesidade Terapêutica Tratamento