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O processo adotivo: características psicossociais, disponibilidade emocional parental e desenvolvimento das crianças
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Existe um vasto conjunto de especificidades relativas ao processo adotivo e às vivências das famílias adotivas que tendem a interagir e a complexificar a resolução das tarefas normativas da vida familiar. A adoção implica fontes de stress, modificações e ajustamentos adicionais. A presente investigação tem como objetivos gerais (1) compreender o processo adotivo de acordo com as perceções das mães e dos pais adotivos, (2) determinar as associações existentes entre as perceções parentais relativas a diferentes aspetos do processo adotivo e as diferentes dimensões da disponibilidade emocional na interação diádica pais-criança e, (3) averiguar a relação existente entre a disponibilidade emocional em interações diádicas entre pais adotivos e filhos adotados e a segurança das representações de vinculação das crianças. Participaram no estudo 164 sujeitos (crianças adotadas, mães e pais adotivos) provenientes de 59 famílias adotivas que adotaram e residem na região do Algarve. As perceções individuais dos pais acerca do processo adotivo foram avaliadas através de questionários preenchidos pelas mães e pelos pais adotivos, a disponibilidade emocional foi avaliada através da cotação de filmagens em vídeo das interações diádicas mãe-criança e pai-criança e a segurança das representações de vinculação da criança foram avaliados através de cotação de filmagens em vídeo de narrativas de diferentes histórias familiares. Os resultados obtidos permitiram constatar que: (1) os pais, em geral, percecionam uma boa integração e aceitação familiar e social dos filhos adotivos, progressos consideráveis dos filhos em diversos níveis do desenvolvimento e da vida familiar e social, bem como um elevado grau de satisfação, não sendo identificados problemas consideráveis; (2) as mães apresentam comportamentos de disponibilidade emocional de maior qualidade do que os pais, bem como as crianças em interação com as suas mães; (3) as perceções dos pais adotivos no que se refere à sua relação com o filho adotivo e o impacto que a adoção e o filho tiveram nas suas vidas estão relacionados com a disponibilidade emocional dos pais adotivos e, (4) a segurança das representações de vinculação das crianças adotadas é influenciada pela disponibilidade emocional, pela idade da criança, pelo tempo de adoção e idade da criança quando adotada. Intervenções centradas na promoção das perceções parentais positivas acerca da criança e do processo adotivo poderão assumir-se profícuas na promoção da disponibilidade emocional pais-crianças. Adicionalmente a promoção da disponibilidade emocional pais-crianças pode constituir um processo relevante na segurança das representações de vinculação das crianças adotadas.
There is a wide range of specificities related to the adoptive process and experiences of adoptive families that tend to interact and complexify the resolution of normative tasks of family life. The adoption involves additional sources of stress, modifications, and adjustments. The present investigation has as general objectives (1) understand the adoptive process according to the perceptions of the adoptive mothers and fathers; (2) determine the associations between parental perceptions related to different aspects of the adoption process and the different dimensions of emotional availability in the dyadic parent-child interaction and, (3) to investigate the associations between emotional availability in dyadic interactions between adoptive parents and adopted child and the children´s secure representations of attachment. 164 subjects participated in the study (adopted children, and adoptive mothers and fathers) from 59 adoptive families who adopted and were live in the Algarve region. Individual parent´s perceptions of the adoption process were assessed through questionnaires. Emotional availability and secure representations of attachemnt were measured through filming and video encoding. The results showed that: (1) parents, in general, perceive the integration and family and social acceptance of adopted children as good, considerable progress at different levels of development and in family and social life, as well as a high degree of satisfaction and no significant problems were identified; (2) mothers exhibit higher quality emotional availability behaviors than fathers, and children displayed higher emotional availability quality in interaction with their mothers; (3) the perceptions of adoptive parents regarding their relationship with the adopted child and the impact that the adoption and the child have on their lives were related to the emotional availability of the adoptive parents and, (4) the secure representations of attachment were associated with emotional availability, child´s age, time of adoption and child´s age when adopted. Interventions focused on promoting positive parenting perceptions about the child and the adoption process may be useful in promoting parent-child emotional availibility. Additionally, the promotion of emotional parent-child availability can be a relevant process in the security of the adopted children´s attachment representations.
There is a wide range of specificities related to the adoptive process and experiences of adoptive families that tend to interact and complexify the resolution of normative tasks of family life. The adoption involves additional sources of stress, modifications, and adjustments. The present investigation has as general objectives (1) understand the adoptive process according to the perceptions of the adoptive mothers and fathers; (2) determine the associations between parental perceptions related to different aspects of the adoption process and the different dimensions of emotional availability in the dyadic parent-child interaction and, (3) to investigate the associations between emotional availability in dyadic interactions between adoptive parents and adopted child and the children´s secure representations of attachment. 164 subjects participated in the study (adopted children, and adoptive mothers and fathers) from 59 adoptive families who adopted and were live in the Algarve region. Individual parent´s perceptions of the adoption process were assessed through questionnaires. Emotional availability and secure representations of attachemnt were measured through filming and video encoding. The results showed that: (1) parents, in general, perceive the integration and family and social acceptance of adopted children as good, considerable progress at different levels of development and in family and social life, as well as a high degree of satisfaction and no significant problems were identified; (2) mothers exhibit higher quality emotional availability behaviors than fathers, and children displayed higher emotional availability quality in interaction with their mothers; (3) the perceptions of adoptive parents regarding their relationship with the adopted child and the impact that the adoption and the child have on their lives were related to the emotional availability of the adoptive parents and, (4) the secure representations of attachment were associated with emotional availability, child´s age, time of adoption and child´s age when adopted. Interventions focused on promoting positive parenting perceptions about the child and the adoption process may be useful in promoting parent-child emotional availibility. Additionally, the promotion of emotional parent-child availability can be a relevant process in the security of the adopted children´s attachment representations.
Description
Keywords
Adoção Perceções parentais do processo adotivo Disponibilidade emocional Segurança das representações de vinculação Processo adotivo Famílias adotivas