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Parâmetros laboratoriais realizados durante a gestação
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Abstract(s)
A gravidez é um momento único na vida de uma mulher que requer um cuidado acrescido, e por isso é fundamental a realização do rastreio pré-natal. Durante a gestação, ocorre uma modificação fisiológica corporal e emocional que resulta no nascimento de uma ou mais crianças. A forma como se vivem estas transições e transformações é individual visto que, todas as gestações são diferentes, mesmo quando vividas pela mesma mulher em diferentes circunstâncias ao longo do tempo. Por este motivo, todos os profissionais que vigiam gestantes têm já a experiência da diversidade das perguntas que são colocadas durante a gestação. Assim, o seu acompanhamento faz diminuir drasticamente a morbilidade e mortalidade maternas, fetais e infantis. Ao longo do tempo tem-se assistido a um avanço na qualidade da vigilância pré-natal e neonatal prestada à grávida e ao recém-nascido. Durante a gestação, são prescritas análises clínicas e outros parâmetros analíticos específicos. As análises ao sangue proporcionam informação essencial e variada sobre a saúde da mãe e do futuro bebé.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo abordar a importância de certos parâmetros laboratoriais a efetuar na grávida durante toda a gestação, nomeadamente, a determinação fenotípica do grupo sanguíneo (sistema AB0 e Rh) e da pesquisa de aglutininas irregulares, o hemograma, a prova de tolerância à glucose, a urocultura, o Streptotoccus do grupo B e a determinação serológica da toxoplasmose, rubéola, Citomegalovírus, Vírus Hepatite B, VIH, Sífilis. Também irá ser abordado potenciais rastreios a realizar no decurso da gestação tais como o rastreio do colo do útero, de aneuploidias e da pré-eclâmpsia.
Conclui-se que, os rastreios pré-natais representam um papel fundamental na prevenção e/ou deteção precoce de patologias tanto a nível materno como a nível fetal, permitindo um desenvolvimento saudável do bebé e reduzindo os riscos da grávida.
Palavras-Chave: Gravidez, Rastreio pré-natal, Rastreio do Cancro do Colo do Útero, Rastreio Pré-eclâmpsia e Rastreio de Aneuploidias.
Pregnancy is a unique moment in a woman's life that requires additional attention, thus prenatal care is crucial. During pregnancy, a physiological and emotional change occurs that results in the birth of one or more children. The way in which these transitions and transformations are experienced is individual since all pregnancies are different, even when experienced by the same woman in different circumstances over time. For this reason, all professionals who monitor pregnant women already have the experience of the diversity of questions that are asked during pregnancy. As a result, their birth substantially impacts the mother, fetal, and baby. The quality of prenatal and neonatal surveillance of pregnancy and the newborn has improved over time. Clinical and other particular analytical criteria are advised during pregnancy. Blood tests provide essential and varied information about the health of the mother and the future baby. This dissertation aims to address the importance of certain laboratory parameters to be carried out in the pregnant woman, namely, the phenotypic determination of the blood group (AB0 and Rh system) and the search for irregular agglutinins, the blood count, the test of glucose tolerance test, urine culture, serological determination of toxoplasmosis, rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, HIV, Syphilis, and group B Streptotoccus. Potential screenings to be performed during pregnancy will also be addressed, such as screening for the cervix, for aneuploidies and for preeclampsia. It is concluded that prenatal screenings play a fundamental role in the prevention and/or early detection of pathologies both at the maternal and fetal level, allowing a healthy development of the baby and reducing the risks of the pregnant woman.
Pregnancy is a unique moment in a woman's life that requires additional attention, thus prenatal care is crucial. During pregnancy, a physiological and emotional change occurs that results in the birth of one or more children. The way in which these transitions and transformations are experienced is individual since all pregnancies are different, even when experienced by the same woman in different circumstances over time. For this reason, all professionals who monitor pregnant women already have the experience of the diversity of questions that are asked during pregnancy. As a result, their birth substantially impacts the mother, fetal, and baby. The quality of prenatal and neonatal surveillance of pregnancy and the newborn has improved over time. Clinical and other particular analytical criteria are advised during pregnancy. Blood tests provide essential and varied information about the health of the mother and the future baby. This dissertation aims to address the importance of certain laboratory parameters to be carried out in the pregnant woman, namely, the phenotypic determination of the blood group (AB0 and Rh system) and the search for irregular agglutinins, the blood count, the test of glucose tolerance test, urine culture, serological determination of toxoplasmosis, rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B Virus, HIV, Syphilis, and group B Streptotoccus. Potential screenings to be performed during pregnancy will also be addressed, such as screening for the cervix, for aneuploidies and for preeclampsia. It is concluded that prenatal screenings play a fundamental role in the prevention and/or early detection of pathologies both at the maternal and fetal level, allowing a healthy development of the baby and reducing the risks of the pregnant woman.
Description
Keywords
Gravidez rastreio pré-natal Rastreio do cancro do colo do útero rastreio pré-eclâmpsia Rastreio de aneuploidias