Percorrer por autor "Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie"
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- Factors influencing access to advanced sanitation service level and drinking-water quality in healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a convergent sequential studyPublication . Retta, Mulumebet Tadesse; Gari, Sirak Robele; Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie; Ambelu, ArgawThis study investigates factors influencing access to advanced sanitation services and drinking water quality in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Despite the critical role of sanitation and safe water in preventing healthcareassociated infections, many facilities face significant challenges. A convergent sequential study was conducted in 382 healthcare facilities, which involved observations of sanitation facilities, interviews with facility managers, and water quality tests of 382 samples. Additionally, five water samples from reservoirs and distributors were collected, and eight key informant interviews were conducted purposively. In this investigation, only 14.5% of healthcare facilities had advanced sanitation service, while 23.2% had basic sanitation services. Over half (62.3%) of the facilities provided limited sanitation services. Additionally, 22.7% of water samples tested positive for enterococci, 26% for Escherichia coli, 35% for fecal coliforms, and 38.8% for total coliforms. All samples analyzed for fluoride, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were below permissible limits, except for 6.6% of the samples that exceeded the pH level of 8.5. In contrast, all water samples from reservoirs and distributors were free from bacterial contaminations, and their fluoride, conductivity, and TDS levels were within the standard. Factors such as having infection prevention committee (IPC)(AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.07-7.52), trained managers on sanitation safety plan (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.10-7.94), managers trained in infection prevention (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.25-10.48), having sanitation standards (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.06-11.64), availability of sufficient budget for sanitation services (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.14-9.15), having specific annual sanitation plan (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.52-8.58), using updated WASH guidelines (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.05-11.20), absence of a sanitation safety plan (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.91), lack of regular monitoring and evaluation (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07- 0.83), and managers who did not involve in leading renovation of WASH infrastructure (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.70) were significantly associated with access to advanced sanitation service level. Access to advanced and basic sanitation services is low in HCFs of Addis Ababa. Several core factors affecting access to advanced sanitation service level has been identified. Many water samples from healthcare facilities were contaminated by bacteria. Enhancing training programs for healthcare managers and securing adequate funding are critical steps toward improving sanitation and water quality.
- Incidence and risk factors of soil‐transmitted helminths among vegetable farmers of Addis Ababa, EthiopiaPublication . Gurmassa, Bethelhem kinfu; Gari, Sirak Robele; Solomon, Ephrem Tefera; Dessie, Bitwe K.; Alemu, Bezatu MengistieBackground: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common neglected tropical diseases in areas with poor sanitation. InEthiopia, urban farmers using contaminated river water for irrigation are exposed to parasite infection. This study examined theincidence and associated risk factors of STH infections among vegetable farmers in Addis Ababa, comparing those usingwastewater with those using clean water.Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied, incorporating a community-based cross-sectional survey and a longitudinallaboratory investigation from December 2021 to December 2023. The study involved 290 farmers (136 wastewater-exposed and 129unexposed) across 10 sites along the Big and Little Akaki Rivers. Data were collected via questionnaires, observation, health diaries,and stool samples, with diagnosis performed using the Kato–Katz method. STATA 14 was used for data analysis, including logisticregression to identify signifcant risk factors (p < 0.05).Results: STH incidence was signifcantly higher among wastewater-irrigating farmers (19.8%) compared to nonusers (8.5%), withincidence rates of 7.1 and 3.04 per 1000 person-months, respectively. The relative risk was 2.32, indicating wastewater irrigationincreases STH infection. Risk factors among wastewater-exposed farmers, poor fngernail hygiene (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.65–42.7),and not wearing boots (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.66–11.5) increased STH infection risk. Defecating on farms raised infection odds inboth exposed (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.55–3.05) and unexposed (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.55–2.10) groups. Hand contamination(AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 2.92–55.7), washing vegetables with wastewater (AOR = 11.6; 95% CI: 3.64–23.9), and not wearing protectiveclothing (exposed: AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.11–87.9; unexposed: AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–22.8) also signifcantly contributed to STHinfection.Conclusion: Wastewater irrigation signifcantly elevates the risk of STH infections, promoting afordable safe wastewater ir-rigation practices (sand or gravel flters, drip irrigation) along with hygiene, sanitation, and health education for farmers, to protectfarming communities.