Sapientia
Repositório Científico da UAlg
Entradas recentes
Revisão Bibliográfica sobre cancro da mama em Portugal
Publication . Renda, Marta; Rodriguez-Reinado, Carmen
El cáncer es una de las patologías más preocupantes en términos de salud pública, por la carga que representa para el paciente, la familia, los servicios de salud y la sociedad en general. Es una de las mayores causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. A nivel mundial, las cifras disponibles de cáncer de mama en 2018 apuntan a unos 2.088.849 casos nuevos y 626.679 muertes, lo que corresponde al 25,4% de todos los casos y al 15,1% de todas las muertes por cáncer (excepto los cánceres de piel no melanoma) en mujeres. (Fernández-Navarro et al., 2021) A nivel europeo, el cáncer de mama ocupó el primer lugar en cuanto a incidencia y mortalidad en mujeres en 2018, con 522.513 nuevos casos y 137.707 muertes, lo que corresponde al 28,2% de los nuevos casos y al 16,2% de todas las nuevas muertes por cáncer (excepto no melanoma cánceres de piel) en las mujeres. Para las personas mayores de 15 años, la tasa de supervivencia relativa a 5 años fue del 83,8 % entre 2000 y 2007. (Fernández-Navarro et al., 2021).
Aplicación de las ciencias del aprendizaje a la enseñanza medica
Publication . Renda, Marta; Rodriguez-Reinado, Carmen
Hoy en día, el aprendizaje multimedia está presente en prácticamente todas, si no todas, las áreas de la educación. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los docentes utilizan este tipo de aprendizaje de acuerdo a lo que ellos mismos consideran que es el método de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, ignorando la existencia de principios bien estudiados sobre la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje multimedia. Dad su importancia, la educación médica o no médica, debe guiarse por una teoría basada en: 1) cómo aprenden las personas: ciencia del aprendizaje; 2) por principios basados en la evidencia sobre cómo diseñar una instrucción eficaz: ciencia de la instrucción. (Mayer, 2005, 2010).
Integration of artificial intelligence in chest radiographs in primary care: educational innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration
Publication . Renda, Marta; Gaudêncio, Nélia
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into radiological workflows, with most applications developed and validated in hospital-based environments where radiologists are readily available. In these settings, AI has demonstrated its ability to improve workflow efficiency, accelerate image triage, and support safer clinical decision-making, while complementing - rather than replacing - professional expertise [1-3].
The impact of work-family policies on employee performance in the tourism industry
Publication . Biedma-Ferrer, José María; Medina-Garrido, José Aurelio; Rodrigues Guita Almeida, Maria Helena; Bogren, Maria
Purpose
This study aims to explore the influence of work-family policies (WFP) existence and accessibility on employee performance within the tourism industry, emphasizing the mediating roles of specific WFP measures and the moderating impact of demanding work.
Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on data collected through questionnaires administered to 224 employees in the tourism industry and analysed using a structural equation modelling approach.
Findings
The findings confirm that WFP existence positively affects performance and is negatively related to accessibility, though the mediating effects of specific WFP measures vary significantly. Flexibility in working time and location emerge as pivotal mediators, while long leaves and support services do not show significant effects. In addition, demanding work moderates key relationships, weakening the positive effects of WFP in high-demand environments.
Practical implications
Tourism organizations should enhance both WFP existence and accessibility, especially through flexible work arrangements related to working time and location. Addressing high work demands through improved workload management and organizational practices that facilitate the actual use of available policies can improve employee performance and organizational outcomes.
Originality/value
The added value of this research lies in demonstrating that the impact of WFP depends on how employees perceive their accessibility and on the specific measures available, rather than on their mere existence. Crucially, it identifies that flexibility in working time and location is the primary driver of this improvement, whereas other measures, such as long-term leaves, do not show a significant impact in this specific high-pressure environment.
Incidence and risk factors of soil‐transmitted helminths among vegetable farmers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Publication . Gurmassa, Bethelhem kinfu; Gari, Sirak Robele; Solomon, Ephrem Tefera; Dessie, Bitwe K.; Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie
Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common neglected tropical diseases in areas with poor sanitation. InEthiopia, urban farmers using contaminated river water for irrigation are exposed to parasite infection. This study examined theincidence and associated risk factors of STH infections among vegetable farmers in Addis Ababa, comparing those usingwastewater with those using clean water.Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied, incorporating a community-based cross-sectional survey and a longitudinallaboratory investigation from December 2021 to December 2023. The study involved 290 farmers (136 wastewater-exposed and 129unexposed) across 10 sites along the Big and Little Akaki Rivers. Data were collected via questionnaires, observation, health diaries,and stool samples, with diagnosis performed using the Kato–Katz method. STATA 14 was used for data analysis, including logisticregression to identify signifcant risk factors (p < 0.05).Results: STH incidence was signifcantly higher among wastewater-irrigating farmers (19.8%) compared to nonusers (8.5%), withincidence rates of 7.1 and 3.04 per 1000 person-months, respectively. The relative risk was 2.32, indicating wastewater irrigationincreases STH infection. Risk factors among wastewater-exposed farmers, poor fngernail hygiene (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.65–42.7),and not wearing boots (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.66–11.5) increased STH infection risk. Defecating on farms raised infection odds inboth exposed (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.55–3.05) and unexposed (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.55–2.10) groups. Hand contamination(AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 2.92–55.7), washing vegetables with wastewater (AOR = 11.6; 95% CI: 3.64–23.9), and not wearing protectiveclothing (exposed: AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.11–87.9; unexposed: AOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.31–22.8) also signifcantly contributed to STHinfection.Conclusion: Wastewater irrigation signifcantly elevates the risk of STH infections, promoting afordable safe wastewater ir-rigation practices (sand or gravel flters, drip irrigation) along with hygiene, sanitation, and health education for farmers, to protectfarming communities.