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- Multiple new cryptic pathogenic Phytophthora species from Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and PortugalPublication . Jung, Thomas; Horta Jung, Marília; Cacciola, Santa Olga; Cech, Thomas; Bakonyi, Jozsef; Seress, Diana; Mosca, Saveria; Schena, Leonardo; Seddaiu, Salvatore; Pane, Antonella; Lio, Gaetano Magnano di San; Maia, Cristiana; Cravador, Alfredo; Franceschini, Antonio; Scanu, BrunoDuring surveys of Phytophthora diversity in natural and semi-natural Fagaceae forests in Austria, Italy and Portugal, four new cryptic species were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples. Multigene phylogeny based on nuclear ITS, beta-tubulin and HSP90 and mitochondrial cox1 and NADH1 gene sequences demonstrated that two species, P. tyrrhenica and P. vulcanica spp. nov., belong to phylogenetic Clade 7a, while the other two species, P. castanetorum and P. tubulina spp. nov., clustered together with P. quercina forming a new clade, named here as Clade 12. All four new species are homothallic and have low optimum and maximum temperatures for growth and very slow growth rates at their respective optimum temperature. They differed from each other and from related species by a unique combination of morphological characters, cardinal temperatures, and growth rates. Pathogenicity of all Phytophthora species to the root system of their respective host species was demonstrated in soil infestation trials.
- Preserving the biologically coherent generic concept of , "plant destroyer".Publication . Brasier, Clive M.; Grünwald, Niklaus J.; Bourret, Tyler B.; Govers, Francine; Scanu, Bruno; Cooke, David E. L.; Bose, Tanay; Hawksworth, David L.; Abad, Z Gloria; Albarracin, M. Victoria; Alsultan, Wael; Altamirano-Junqueira, Astrid E; Arifin, Arild R.; Arnet, Matthew J.; Aumentado, Herbert Dustin R.; Bakonyi, József; Belisle, Wei H.; Benigno, Alessandra; Bienapfl, John C.; Bilodeau, Guillaume J; Blair, Jaime E.; Botella, Leticia; Brandano, Andrea; Cacciola, Santa Olga; Carbone, Ignazio; Castroagudin, Vanina L.; Chaendaekattu, Narayanan; Consford, Jonathan D.; Corcobado, Tamara; Covey, Paul A.; Daniels, Hazel A.; Deidda, Antonio; Dorrance, Anne E.; Dort, Erika N.; Drenth, André; Drizou, Fryni; Evangelisti, Edouard; Fajardo, Sebastian N.; Fang, Yufeng; Ference, Christopher M.; Frankel, Susan J.; Goss, Erica M.; Guest, David I.; Hardy, Giles E. S. J.; Harris, Anna R. H.; Hawku, Mehari Desta; Heungens, Kurt; Hong, Chuanxue; Horner, Ian J.; Jung, Marília Horta; Iyanda, Olumayowa J.; Jamieson, Brittney-Aidan; Jeffers, Steven N.; Judelson, Howard S.; Junaid, Muhammad; Kalogeropoulou, Eleni; Kamoun, Sophien; Kang, Seogchan; Kasuga, Takao; Kudláček, Tomáš; LeBoldus, Jared; Lee, Christopher A.; Li, DeWei; Llanos, Alejandro K.; Lopez-Nicora, Horacio D.; Machado, Helena; di San Lio, Gaetano Magnano; Maia, Cristiana; Mandal, Kajal; Manosalva, Patricia; Martin, Frank N.; Matson, Michael E H; McDougal, Rebecca L.; McDowell, John M.; Michelmore, Richard W.; Milenković, Ivan; Moricca, Salvatore; Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Reza; Nagy, Zoltán Á.; Nikolaeva, Ekaterina V.; Ortega-López, Paula; Paap, Trudy; Parada-Rojas, Camilo H.; Hand, Francesca Peduto; Pérez-Sierra, Ana; Pettersson, Martin; Prasad, Pramod; Puig, Alina S.; Raco, Milica; Rajput, Nasir A.; Ristaino, Jean B.; Rooney-Latham, Suzanne; Seidl, Michael F.; Shamoun, Simon F.; Solla, Alejandro; Spies, Christoffel F. J.; Sudermann, Martha A.; Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Tian, Miaoying; Tripathy, Sucheta; Uematsu, Seiji; Van Poucke, Kris; Vichou, Aikaterini E.; Walter, Monika; Webber, Joan F.; Williams, Nari M.; Wingfield, Michael J.; Yadav, Dhananjay; Yang, Xiao; Jung, ThomasPhytophthora is a long-established, well-known, and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from Phytophthora at least twice. Because, cladistically, this renders Phytophthora “paraphyletic,” it has been proposed that Phytophthora evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Crous et al. 2021; Runge et al. 2011; Thines 2023, 2024). In this letter, we review arguments for the retention of the generic name Phytophthora with a broad circumscription made by Brasier et al. (2022) and by many delegates at an open workshop organized by The American Phytopathological Society. We present our well-considered responses to the genus splitting proposals, both in general terms and in terms of the specific proposals for new genera, alongside new information regarding the biological properties and mode of origin of the Phytophthora clades. We consider that the proposals are mostly non-rigorous and not supported by the scientific evidence. Further, given (i) the apparent lack of any distinguishing biological characteristics (synapomorphies) between the Phytophthora clades; (ii) the fundamental monophyly of Phytophthora in the original Haeckelian sense (Haeckel 1877); (iii) the fact that paraphyly is not a justification for taxonomic splitting; and (iv) the considerable likely damage to effective scientific communication and disease management from an unnecessary breakup of the genus, we report that workshop delegates voted unanimously in favor of preserving the current generic concept and for seeking endorsement of this view by a working group of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi.