Browsing by Author "Clarke, Susan A."
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- Red algal extracts from Plocamium lyngbyanum and Ceramium secundatum stimulate osteogenic activities in vitro and bone growth in zebrafish larvaePublication . Carson, Matthew A.; Nelson, John; Cancela, M. Leonor; Laizé, Vincent; Gavaia, Paulo J.; Rae, Margaret; Heesch, Svenja; Verzin, Eugene; Maggs, Christine; Gilmore, Brendan F.; Clarke, Susan A.Through the current trend for bioprospecting, marine organisms-particularly algae-are becoming increasingly known for their osteogenic potential. Such organisms may provide novel treatment options for osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal conditions, helping to address their large healthcare burden and the limitations of current therapies. In this study, extracts from two red algae-Plocamium lyngbyanum and Ceramium secundatum-were tested in vitro and in vivo for their osteogenic potential. In vitro, the growth of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) was significantly greater in the presence of the extracts, particularly with P. lyngbyanum treatment. Osteogenic differentiation was promoted more by C. secundatum (70 mu g/ml), though P. lyngbyanum had greater in vitro mineralisation potential. Both species caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the opercular bone area of zebrafish larvae. Our findings therefore indicate the presence of bioactive components in P. lyngbyanum and C. secundatum extracts, which can promote both in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity.
- Screening for osteogenic activity in extracts from Irish marine organisms: the potential of Ceramium pallidumPublication . Carson, Matthew A.; Nelson, John; Cancela, M. Leonor; Laizé, Vincent; Gavaia, Paulo; Rae, Margaret; Heesch, Svenja; Verzin, Eugene; Gilmore, Brendan F.; Clarke, Susan A.Extracts and compounds derived from marine organisms have reportedly shown some osteogenic potential. As such, these bioactives may aid in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoporosis; helping to address inefficacies with current treatment options. In this study, 72 fractions were tested for their in vitro osteogenic activity using a human foetal osteoblast (hFOB) cell line and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), focusing on their cytotoxic, proliferative and differentiation effects. Extracts dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol showed no significant osteogenic potential. However, two extracts derived from powder residues (left over from original organic extractions) caused a significant promotion of MSC differentiation. Bioactivity from powder residues derived from the epiphytic red algae Ceramium pallidum is described in detail to highlight its treatment potential. In vitro, C. pallidum was shown to promote MSC differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralisation. In vivo, this extract caused a significant increase in opercular bone growth of zebrafish larvae and a significant increase in bone density of regenerated adult caudal fins. Our findings therefore show the importance of continued screening efforts, particularly of novel extract sources, and the presence of bioactive compounds in C. pallidum extract.