Percorrer por autor "Cuvelier, Daphne"
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- Deep-sea ecosystems of the North Atlantic Ocean: discovery, status, function and future challengesPublication . Allcock, A. Louise; Amon, Diva J.; Bridges, Amelia E. H.; Colaço, Ana; Escobar-Briones, Elva; Hilário, Ana; Howell, Kerry L.; Mestre, Nélia; Muller-Karger, Frank E.; Priede, Imants G.; Snelgrove, Paul V. R.; Sealey, Kathleen Sullivan; Xavier, Joana R.; Addamo, Anna M.; Amaro, Teresa; Bandara, Gayathra; Bax, Narissa; Braga-Henriques, Andreia; Brandt, Angelika; Brix, Saskia; Cambronero-Solano, Sergio; Cedeño – Posso, Cristina; Copley, Jonathan T.; Cordes, Erik; Cortés, Jorge; Croquer, Aldo; Cuvelier, Daphne; Davies, Jaime S.; Durden, Jennifer M.; Esquete, Patricia; Foster, Nicola L.; Frutos, Inmaculada; Gasbarro, Ryan; Gates, Andrew R.; Gomes, Marta; Goodwin, Lucy V. M.; Horton, Tammy; Hourigan, Thomas; Hoving, Henk-Jan; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Joshi, Siddhi; Kingon, Kelly C.; Lörz, Anne-Nina; Martins, Ana; Merten, Véronique; Metaxas, Anna; Milligan, Rosanna J.; Molodtsova, Tina N.; Morato, Telmo; Morrissey, Declan; Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz; Narayanaswamy, Bhavani E.; Olafsdottir, Steinunn H.; Parimbelli, Alexa; Peña, Marian; Piechaud, Nils; Ragnarsson, Stefan; Ramalho, Sofia P.; Rodrigues, Clara F.; Ross, Rebecca E.; Saeedi, Hanieh; Santos, Régis; Schwing, Patrick T.; Serpa, Tiago; Shantharam, Arvind K.; Stevenson, Angela; Yánez-Suárez, Ana Belén; Sutton, Tracey T.; Svavarsson, Jörundur; Taylor, Michelle L.; Grient, Jesse van der; Zwerschke, NadeschaThe North Atlantic is an ocean basin with a diversity of deep-sea ecosystems. Here we provide a summary of the topography and oceanography of the North Atlantic including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, provide a brief overview of the history of scientific research therein, and review the current status of knowledge of each of 18 pelagic and benthic deep-sea ecosystems, with a particular focus on knowledge gaps. We analyse biodiversity data records across the North Atlantic and highlight spatial data gaps that could provide important foci for future expeditions. We note particular data gaps in EEZs of nations within and bordering the Caribbean Sea. Our data provide a baseline against which progress can be tracked into the future. We review human impacts caused by fishing, shipping, mineral extraction, introduction of substances, and climate change, and provide an overview of international, regional and national measures to protect ecosystems. We recommend that scientific research in the deep sea should focus on increasing knowledge of the distribution and the connectivity of key species and habitats, and increasing our understanding of the processes leading to the delivery of ecosystem services. These three pillars - distribution, connectivity, ecosystem function - will provide the knowledge required to implement conservation and management measures to ensure that any deep-sea development in the future is sustainable. Infrastructure and capacity are unevenly distributed and implementation of strategies that will lead to more equitable deep-sea science is required to ensure that essential science can be delivered.
- Potential mitigation and restoration actions in ecosystems impacted by seabed miningPublication . Cuvelier, Daphne; Gollner, Sabine; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Kaiser, Stefanie; Arbizu, Pedro Martínez; Menzel, Lena; Mestre, Nélia; Morato, Telmo; Pham, Christopher; Pradillon, Florence; Purser, Autun; Raschka, Uwe; Sarrazin, Jozée; Simon-Lledó, Erik; Stewart, Ian M.; Stuckas, Heiko; Sweetman, Andrew K.; Colaço, AnaMining impacts will affect local populations to different degrees. Impacts range from removal of habitats and possible energy sources to pollution and smaller-scale alterations in local habitats that, depending on the degree of disturbance, can lead to extinction of local communities. While there is a shortage or even lack of studies investigating impacts that resemble those caused by actual mining activity, the information available on the potential long-lasting impacts of seabed mining emphasise the need for effective environmental management plans. These plans should include efforts to mitigate deep-sea mining impact such as avoidance, minimisation and potentially restoration actions, to maintain or encourage reinstatement of a resilient ecosystem. A wide range of mitigation and restoration actions for deep-sea ecosystems at risk were addressed. From an ecological point of view, the designation of set-aside areas (refuges) is of utmost importance as it appears to be the most comprehensive and precautionary approach, both for well-known and lesser studied areas. Other actions range from the deployment of artificial substrates to enhance faunal colonisation and survival to habitat recreation, artificial eutrophication, but also spatial and temporal management of mining operations, as well as optimising mining machine construction to minimise plume size on the sea floor, toxicity of the return plume and sediment compression. No single action will suffice to allow an ecosystem to recover, instead combined mitigation/restoration actions need to be considered, which will depend on the specific characteristics of the different mining habitats and the resources hosted (polymetallic sulphides, polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts). However, there is a lack of practical experience regarding mitigation and restoration actions following mining impacts, which severely hamper their predictability and estimation of their possible effect and success. We propose an extensive list of actions that could be considered as recommendations for best environmental practice. The list is not restricted and, depending on the characteristics of the site, additional actions can be considered. For all actions presented here, further research is necessary to fully encompass their potential and contribution to possible mitigation or restoration of the ecosystem.
- Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activitiesPublication . Gollner, Sabine; Kaiser, Stefanie; Menzel, Lena; Jones, Daniel O. B.; Brown, Alastair; Nélia C Mestre; van Oevelen, Dick; Menot, Lenaick; Colaco, Ana; Canals, Miguel; Cuvelier, Daphne; Durden, Jennifer M.; Gebruk, Andrey; Egho, Great A.; Haeckel, Matthias; Marcon, Yann; Mevenkamp, Lisa; Morato, Telmo; Pham, Christopher K.; Purser, Autun; Sanchez-Vidal, Anna; Vanreusel, Ann; Vink, Annemiek; Arbizu, Pedro MartinezWith increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species' potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While densities and diversities of some taxa can recover to or even exceed pre-disturbance levels, community composition remains affected after decades. The loss of hard substrata or alteration of substrata composition may cause substantial community shifts that persist over geological timescales at mined sites. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.