Percorrer por autor "Mallol, Carolina"
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- Châtelperronian cultural diversity at its western limits: shell beads and pigments from La Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire.Publication . Bachellerie, François; Gravina, Brad; Rigaud, Solange; Dayet, Laure; Thomas, Marc; Lebreton, Loïc; Morin, Eugène; Lesage, Camille; Falguères, Christophe; Bard, Edouard; Bahain, Jean-Jacques; Baillet, Mickaël; Beauval, Cédric; Bordes, Jean-Guillaume; Culioli, Gérald; Devièse, Thibaut; Flas, Damien; Garbé, Lisa; Guérin, Guillaume; Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, François; Lahaye, Christelle; Mallol, Carolina; Marot, Josserand; Maureille, Bruno; Michel, Alexandre; Muth, Xavier; Regniers, Olivier; Tartar, Elise; Teyssandier, Nicolas; Thibeault, Adrien; Todisco, Dominique; Tombret, Olivier; Rougier, Hélène; Crevecoeur, IsabelleThe timing and mechanisms underlying the gradual replacement of Neanderthal populations by groups have elicited heated debate for decades. The Châtelperronian of France and northern Spain has figured prominently in these discussions. While the Neanderthal authorship of this techno-complex is far less certain than previously thought, the Châtelperronian is now generally accepted as being among the first genuine Upper Paleolithic industries in Eurasia rather than a "transitional" stone tool technology. Here, we report the first association of shell beads with Châtelperronian artifacts from new excavations at the site of La-Roche-à-Pierrot, Saint-Césaire (France), supported by a multiproxy spatial analysis that incorporates site formation processes. Similar types of personal ornaments are unknown from Middle Paleolithic contexts. Comparable examples have, however, been recovered from contexts penecontemporaneous with the Châtelperronian in south-eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. This hitherto undocumented combination of an early Upper Paleolithic industry and shell beads provides insights into cultural variability in western Europe and raises the question as to whether the makers of the Châtelperronian were influenced by or formed part of the earliest dispersals of into the region.
- Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of short-chain fatty acids from pine tissues: characterizing paleo-fire residues and plant exudatesPublication . Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; de Vera, Caterina Rodríguez; Davara, Javier; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Mallol, CarolinaDifferent types of plant tissues and resin can account for the wax lipids found in sedimentary contexts and archaeological samples. Consequently, there is increasing research to characterize the fatty acid carbon isotope ratios of different plant anatomical parts and their plant exudates (resin). With the aim to explore isotopic differences between plant tissues, state of the fine organic matter, effect of thermal degradation, and to identify plant residues we measured the δ13C values of short-chain fatty acids (δ13C16:0 and δ13C18:0) in: i) dead and fresh (collected and immediately dried) pine needles and branches (Pinus canariensis) and pine resin from laboratory-controlled heating experiments and ii) sediment and charred pine tissue samples from a wild pine forest fire. Our results are compared to previously published experimental open-air fire experiments and pine-fuelled archaeological combustion features. We found that for both fatty acid types, there are differences in δ13C signatures among anatomical parts and initial moisture content. These data allow us to characterize the isotopic signature of pine tissue and the effect of degradation on isotopic biomarkers, as well as to estimate combustion temperatures in pine-fuelled anthropogenic fires.
- Distinguishing between sheep and goat in archaeological fumiers through faecal lipid biomarkers: The case of Belmaco Cave (Canary Islands, Spain)Publication . Fernández-Palacios, Enrique; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Gilson, Simon-Pierre; Égüez, Natalia; Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; Santana, Jonathan; Mallol, CarolinaLipid biomarker analysis focused on steroids has shown to have great potential for discriminating between animal faecal inputs in archaeology. This is particularly interesting when applied to stabling deposits to assess herding strategies and livestock composition. Here we present the results of a sedimentary faecal biomarker study conducted at Belmaco Cave, a pre-European archaeological site in La Palma (Canary Islands). The site was occupied by indigenous pastoralist groups over the course of five centuries prior to the first arrival of the Europeans in the 15th century. Previous soil micromorphological data indicates recurrent sheep and/or goat penning and periodic burning of the pen in the central area of the cave. We selected bulk sediment samples from unburned, charred and ashed dung layers and carried out sterol, stanol and bile acid analysis. Our results suggest that the main source of faecal matter is sheep. We also found that even though charred and dung ash layers contained lower concentrations of the biomarker compounds, these were still sufficient to provide information on the origin of the faecal remains. These data add to our current knowledge of the aboriginal Canary Island pastoralist economy.
- Enhanced functional data retrieval from palaeolithic stone tools by lipid analysisPublication . Davara, Javier; Hernández, Cristo M.; Carrizo, Daniel; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Iriarte, Eneko; Mallol, CarolinaDespite the great potential of lipid biomarkers in archaeological science, their analysis in stone tools has been overlooked. The lipid retention capacity of Palaeolithic stone tools, along with the potential utility of the biomarkers they may harbour as a functional proxy, remains largely unknown. Here, we extracted lipid biomarkers from flint flakes and limestone pebbles from the Middle Palaeolithic site of El Salt (SE Spain) and analysed them using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Adjacent sediments were also analysed for comparison. We provide evidence that Palaeolithic stone tools preserve a diverse array of lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, n-alkanols, sterols and terpenoids, the analysis of which allowed us to determine whether the tools were used and/or hafted. The isotopic characterization of individual fatty acids preserved on tools’ working edges enabled us to identify lithic residues as fats resulting from the processing of ruminant animal species, or as lipids from non-ruminant animal and/or plant taxa. This introduces into functional studies a novel approach that adds taxonomic resolution and complements current techniques such as use-wear and micro-residue analyses. Our findings highlight the remarkable preservation potential of biomolecular remains within the Palaeolithic record and underscore the importance of exploring them in different kinds of materials and contexts.
- Fire use and waste management in an Iberian iron age village: geoarchaeological insights into midden formation processesPublication . Tomé, Laura; Iriarte, Eneko; Blanco-González, Antonio; Fernández-Palacios, Enrique; Martín-Seijo, María; Carrancho, Ángel; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Mallol, CarolinaMiddens, commonly found in archaeological sites across different chronologies, serve as rich sedimentary archives of daily life by capturing the refuse and discarded artifacts of past human groups. This study focuses on the midden deposits of the Early Iron Age settlement site of Cerro de San Vicente (Central Iberia). We applied a high- resolution, microcontextual geoarchaeological approach, integrating soil micromorphology -including phytolith and charcoal analyses on thin sections-, sedimentary lipid biomarker analysis, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), XRay diffraction (XRD) and magnetic properties analysis to investigate the formation processes and past functionality of the site's midden deposits. Our findings reveal that the targeted sequences are primarily composed of wood ash and charred plant refuse, as well as trampled and disintegrated earth-based construction materials. These deposits are interpreted as the result of multiple hearth rake-out events, maintenance and construction activities, and possible spatially-related communal storage practices within the village. Stratigraphic connections between deposits from inside and outside the dwellings are proposed, linking the middens to an intermediate phase (ca. 600 BCE) of the village's history. These results offer relevant insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of refuse disposal, maintenance practices and space use at Cerro de San Vicente, highlighting the value of microcontextual geoarchaeological methods in unveiling domestic practices. This study contributes to enhancing our understanding of Early Iron Age socio-cultural and daily life practices in Central Iberia.
- A first look at the gravettian open-air site ollersdorf-heidenberg (Austria): recent fieldwork and first results on stratigraphy, chronology, organic preservation and combustion activityPublication . Bosch, Marjolein D.; Pirson, Stéphane; Damblon, Freddy; Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; Mallol, Carolina; Pryor, Alexander; Murphree, William; Viola, Bence T.; Antl-Weiser, Walpurga Antl-Weise; Nigst, Philip R.The Middle Danube region is a key area for understanding Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer behaviours in a climatic context due to its long loess-palaeosol sequences and rich archaeological record spanning from the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic to the Last Glacial Maximum and beyond. Recently, new approaches focusing on high-resolution studies of the stratigraphy, geoarchaeological studies at microscopic scale and investigations of organic matter at molecular scale (biomarker analyses) have shown great new insights in human behaviour. Many sites in the Middle Danube region have been excavated a long time ago without opportunity to apply such approaches. The aim of this paper is to introduce Ollersdorf-Heidenberg, a loess open-air site. The site is located similar to 26 km northeast of Vienna close to the Morava River valley and preserves several Upper Palaeolithic archaeological horizons. The site has been known since a pipeline construction in 1998. Here, we report the first results of new research at the site including new excavations in two trenches. We describe and analyse the stratigraphy, present a first radiocarbon date, describe and analyse lithic and faunal collections, and assess potential in situ combustion activity and the preservation of organic matter. Research at the site is ongoing, but our preliminary results let us suggest good preservation of organic matter and, hence, Ollersdorf-Heidenberg has a remarkable potential for providing valuable insights in past hunter-gatherer behaviours at the climatic downturn towards the Last Glacial Maximum.
- Fuel sources, natural vegetation and subsistence at a high-altitude aboriginal settlement in Tenerife, Canary Islands: Microcontextual geoarchaeological data from Roques de García RockshelterPublication . Tomé, Laura; Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; Égüez, Natalia; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Davara, Javier; Marrero Salas, Efraín; Arnay de la Rosa, Matilde; Mallol, CarolinaHigh-altitude island environments, with their characteristic strong seasonal contrast and limited resources, are challenging contexts for human subsistence. However, although archaeological contexts in this kind of setting hold great potential to explore the diversity of human biological and cultural adaptations, such sites are rare. In this paper, we present the results of a microcontextual geoarchaeological study carried out at Rogues de Garcia Rockshelter, the highest altitude cave archaeological site in the Canary Islands (Spain). The site was inhabited by the aboriginal population of the island and has yielded a rich archaeological context derived from combustion activity. We carried out soil micromorphology to characterize site function and lipid biomarker analysis to investigate the natural and anthropogenic organic record. Our data indicate that the aboriginal groups that occupied the site kept goats with them (in the rockshelter) and probably used Juniperus turbinata (sabina) wood, a current distant fuel source. These results suggest that the aboriginal societies of Tenerife occupied the highlands regularly, taking their herds and firewood with them. Further research is necessary to explore the use and exploitation of fuel sources, the seasonality of these occupations and their differences with lowland sites.
- Geoarchaeological insights into a Neolithic combustion feature from Abric del Xicotó (northeastern Iberia)Publication . Fernández-Palacios, Enrique; Égüez, Natalia; González-Olivares, Cynthia; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Mallol, Carolina; Mangado, Xavier; Sánchez de la Torre, MartaThe Neolithic was a period of important cultural transformations across different regions. Applying state-ofthe-art geoarchaeological techniques to archaeological sites from this period has shown to contribute relevant data on site formation processes and occupation dynamics. Combined microcontextual and biomolecular analysis of archaeological combustion features helps us approach fuel use, often associated to dung residues in Neolithic contexts, which offer an insight into herding strategies. Here, we present micromorphological, microremains (fecal spherulites, ash pseudomorphs, and phytoliths), and biomarker data (n-alkanes, fecal sterols, and bile acids) obtained from a Neolithic combustion feature at Abric del Xicoto´ (Alo` s de Balaguer, Lleida, Spain). Preliminary data shed light on the functionality of the combustion feature, the presence of husbandry activity at the rockshelter, and the nature of the animals and their diet. This research adds detail to the existing Neolithic archaeological record of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula.
- Hydroclimate reconstruction through MIS 3 in the Middle Paleolithic site of Crvena Stijena (Montenegro) based on hydrogen-isotopic composition of sedimentary n-alkanesPublication . Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; Mallol, Carolina; Tostevin, Gilbert; Monnier, Gilliane; Pajović, Goran; Borovinić, Nikola; Baković, MileThis study presents a hydroclimatic reconstruction from Crvena Stijena (Montenegro, Balkan Peninsula), a rock shelter that has yielded evidence for Middle Paleolithic human occupation. The integration of lipid biomarkers, hydrogen (dD) isotopic compositions of n-alkanes, and organic elemental geochemistry in the 7-m deep vertical sedimentary sequence enables reconstruction of the main hydrological and environmental changes during the MIS 3 and their correlation with the presence at the site. We apply agglomerative hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis to the geochemical, molecular, and stable isotopic data to obtain a robust hydrological record. We find evidence of three aridity trends from the studied period, one of them correlated with the Heinrich Event 5, and humid and cold -temperate conditions in archaeology-rich layers. Our dataset also contributes to the knowledge of past hydrological variability in the Balkan Peninsula, a sensitive area to short-lived climatic shifts, and overall, in the Mediterranean region during the last glacial/interglacial cycle.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- Investigating hydrogen isotope variation during heating of n-Alkanes under limited oxygen conditions: implications for palaeoclimate reconstruction in archaeological settingsPublication . Connolly, Rory; Jambrina-Enríquez, Margarita; Herrera-Herrera, Antonio V.; Mallol, CarolinaThis paper reports on a series of heating experiments that focus on n-alkanes extracted from leaf, bark, and xylem tissues of the Celtis australis plant. These lipid biomarkers were analysed for their compound-specific hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2Hwax) under limited oxygen conditions at 150, 250, 350, and 450 °C. Our results reveal isotopic variations in wax lipids of different plant organs during short-term low-temperature combustion. We conclude that, in the absence of a detailed characterisation of the depositional environment in advance of sampling, δ2Hwax values in archaeological or otherwise highly anthropogenic environments should be interpreted cautiously. In addition, we observed that variation in δ2Hwax of leaves is minimal at temperatures ≤ 350 °C, highlighting the potential for δ2Hwax in thermally altered combustion substrates to yield palaeoclimate information, which could allow researchers to investigate links between archaeological and climatic records at a high spatial and temporal resolution.