Browsing by Author "Martinho, Diogo V."
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- Interrelationship between muscle fitness in childhood and bone mineral density in adulthood: mediation analysis of muscle fitness in adulthoodPublication . Barbosa, Cynthia C. L.; da Costa, Julio C.; Romanzini, Catiana L. P.; Batista, Mariana B.; Blasquez-Shigaki, Gabriela; Fernandes, Rômulo A.; Martinho, Diogo V.; Oliveira, Tomás; Ribeiro, Luís Pedro; Coelho-e-Silva, Manuel J.; Ronque, Enio R. V.Background This study was aimed to examine the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adulthood and to verify whether the relationship is mediated by performance on muscular fitness indicators in adulthood. Methods A sample of 138 healthy adults (69 males; 22.3 years) were followed after a previous assessment at the age of 7–10 years. Stature, body mass and muscular fitness indicators (handgrip strength, standing long jump and sit-ups tests) were assessed in childhood and adulthood. Additionally, total body, upper limbs, lower limbs, right femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD was assessed in adulthood using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis included descriptive statistics; t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test for comparison between males and females, multiple linear regression for the prediction aBMD from muscular fitness indicators in childhood, mediation analysis of the respective muscular fitness indicators in adulthood and the relationship between muscular fitness indicators in childhood and aBMD. Results Males were stronger compared to females regarding muscular fitness indicators in childhood and adulthood, and presented higher mean values for aBMD in adulthood, except for lumbar spine (p<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that some muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant positive relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood, such as: handgrip strength and total body aBMD (β=0.005; R2=0.35; p=0.040) and upper limbs aBMD (β=0.005; R2=0.55; p=0.019); and sit-ups test was a significant predictors of lumbar spine BMD (β=0.003; R2=0.06; p=0.039). Mediation analysis pointed out the following: adulthood handgrip strength mediated relationships between childhood handgrip strength and total aBMD (indirect effect (IE)=0.0025; 95%CI=0.0005– 0.0048), and upper limbs aBMD (IE=0.0040; 95%CI=0.0017–0.0069). Conclusions Muscular fitness indicators in childhood showed significant relationship with bone health indicators in adulthood and the sit-ups test in childhood had direct effect on lumbar spine aBMD in adulthood. Adulthoodhandgrip strength mediated the relationship between childhood handgrip strength and total body and upper limb aBMD, pointing out that muscular fitness in childhood may be a aBMD determinant in adulthood, especially when higher muscle fitness performance is maintained in adulthood.
- Intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of Fels skeletal age assessments among male tennis players 8–16 yearsPublication . Sousa-e-Silva, Paulo; Coelho-e-Silva, Manuel J.; Celis-Moreno, Jorge M.; Costa, Daniela C.; Martinho, Diogo V.; Ribeiro, Luís Pedro; Oliveira, Tomas; Gonçalves-Santos, João; Tavares, Oscar M.; Castanheira, Joaquim M.; Pereira, Telmo; Conde, Jorge; Cayolla, Ricardo R.; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Myburgh, Gillian K.; Cumming, Sean P.; Malina, Robert M.Background Skeletal age (SA) is an estimate of biological maturity status that is commonly used in sport-related medical examinations. This study considered intra-observer reproducibility and inter-observer agreement of SA assessments among male tennis players. Methods SA was assessed with the Fels method in 97 male tennis players with chronological ages (CA) spanning 8.7–16.8 years. Radiographs were evaluated by two independent trained observers. Based on the difference between SA and CA, players were classified as late, average or early maturing; if a player was skeletally mature, he was noted as such as an SA is not assigned. Results The magnitude of intra-individual differences between repeated SA assessments were d = 0.008 year (observer A) and d = 0.001 year (observer B); the respective coefficients of variation were 1.11% and 1.75%. Inter-observer mean differences were negligible (t = 1.252, p = 0.210) and the intra-class correlation coefficient was nearly perfect (ICC = 0.995). Concordance of classifications of players by maturity status between observers was 90%. Conclusion Fels SA assessments were highly reproducible and showed an acceptable level of inter-observer agreement between trained examiners. Classifications of players by skeletal maturity status based on assessments of the two observers were highly concordant, though not 100%. The results highlight the importance of experienced observers in skeletal maturity assessments.