Browsing by Author "Nunes, Cristina"
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- Adolescent perception of maternal practices in Portugal and Spain: similarities and differencesPublication . Lorence, Bárbara; Nunes, Cristina; Menéndez, Susana; Pérez-Padilla, Javier; Hidalgo, VictoriaThe aim of this study was to compare parenting in two southern European countries, Spain and Portugal, according to adolescent perceptions from a situated perspective. A total of 445 Portuguese (58.88%) and Spanish (41.12%) adolescents completed a questionnaire about maternal practices and provided socio-demographic information. Portuguese and Spanish mothers were more responsive than coercive in controlling adolescents’ compliance and non-compliance situations. Spanish mothers scolded, revoked privileges, and punished physically more often than Portuguese mothers, who used dialogue more often. Multivariate analysis showed three groups of parenting practices. Portuguese mothers were represented mainly in the Indulgent group (81.70%), and Spanish mothers in the Authoritative group (74.40%), whereas the third group (Neglectful) was independent of the country of origin. These results support the theory that research and family intervention should recognize cultural aspects in order to grasp the parenting process.
- Análise psicométrica das escalas de defensividade e validade do Weinberger Adjustment InventoryPublication . Pechorro, Pedro; Nunes, Cristina; Paulino, Mauro; R. Simões, MárioO presente artigo tem como principal objetivo examinar as propriedades psicométricas das escalas de defensividade e de validade do Inventário de Ajustamento de Weinberger (Weinberger Adjustment Inventory - WAI) numa amostra de jovens adultos portugueses (N=610, M=21.33 anos, DP=3.09) provenientes de meio universitário. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória indicaram a presença de uma estrutura tridimensional com um bom ajustamento. As escalas de defensividade e de validade do WAI demonstraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas, nomeadamente ao nível de fiabilidade e de validade convergente, discriminante e de critério. Tais resultados apoiam a utilização das escalas de defensividade e validade do WAI na investigação e avaliação psicológica de jovens adultos portugueses.
- Avaliação materna dos problemas cognitivos da desatenção, da actividade motora e da PHDAPublication . Medeiros, Raquel; Nunes, CristinaO presente estudo consistiu na avaliação pelas mães, de crianças com diagnóstico de Perturbação de Hiperactividade com Défice de Atenção (PHDA), dos problemas cognitivos, da desatenção, da actividade motora e da PHDA dos seus filhos. A amostra é constituída por trinta mães de crianças afectas ao Centro de Desenvolvimento Infantil do Hospital de Faro. O instrumento utilizado foi a Escala de Conners para Pais, versão revista (forma reduzida) adaptada para a população portuguesa. As mães foram contactadas no momento da consulta de desenvolvimento dos seus filhos e convidadas a participar na investigação através de consentimento informado. Os resultados permitiram confirmar o diagnóstico de PHDA na maioria das crianças da amostra estudada. Não encontrámos nenhuma associação entre as crianças que se encontravam medicadas e os valores dos índices obtidos na Escala de Conners.
- Benefits and damages of the use of touchscreen devices for the development and behavior of children under 5 years old—a systematic reviewPublication . Rocha, Bruno; Nunes, CristinaAim Several health organizations have been expressing concern about the amount of time children spend using electronic devices and about the benefits and damages of the use of touchscreen devices, such as smartphones or tablets, for the development and behavior of children under the age of 5. A systematic review was carried out in order to understand the impact of touchscreen device usage toward children’s development and behavior under the age of 5. Methods Using the PRISMA method, from a total of 6314 studies found in online databases, searched in English, between 01/01/2000 and 01/10/2018, 11 studies were selected for analysis. Results The results revealed that, in children under the age of 5, the damages of the use of touchscreen devices are superior to the benefits that may result, especially when there are more hours of screen time. More importance is given to the quality of the child-adult relationship and not to the use of touchscreen devices. Nevertheless, some studies emphasize some aspects that may reduce the negative effects, such as moderate use, less screen time, parental monitoring, and viewing educational programs in an academic environment. Conclusions Guidelines that should be given to parents about the use of touchscreen devices by children are discussed. The limitation of this study was the difficulty in finding studies directed to the desired age and type of electronic device. This may be taken as a potential cause of bias.
- Bienestar psicológico en las personas mayores no dependientes y su relación con la autoestima y la autoeficaciaPublication . Mesa-Fernández, María; Pérez-Padilla, Javier; Nunes, Cristina; Menéndez, SusanaThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological well-being, self-efficacy and self-esteem in non-dependent individuals over the age of 60. The participants included 148 seniors between 60 and 96 years of age. Data were collected through the following questionnaires: autonomy and physical and social activity scale, self-efficacy for aging scale, self-esteem scale, and the Spanish version of the wellness psychology scale. The results suggest that psychological well-being was not associated with age, but with a set of psychological factors. Psychological well-being was associated with health perception, physical and sports activities, self-efficacy, self-esteem and autonomy. The last three variables are predictors of psychological well-being. Consequently, self-efficacy and self-esteem are considered promoters of physical, psychological and social well-being, encouraging participation in physical and sports, recreational, social and cognitive activities promoting wellness and, ultimately, active aging.
- Calidad de vida y competencias sociales: un estudio comparativo entre adolescentes nativos e inmigrantes de España y PortugalPublication . Romero-Oliva, Cristina; Nunes, Cristina; Montilla Coronado, Cecilia; Lemos, Ida; Hernando Gomez, Angel; Ayala Nunes, LaraThis research aims to determine the relationship between social skills and quality of life (QoL) in native and immigrant adolescents of Spain and Portugal, in order to understand the importance of these variables in the adolescents' development and adjustment. In order to accomplish this, 1151 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, were assessed through two questionnaires: the KIDSCREEN-52 and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). The results indicate that immigrants have a lower QoL index than natives in the dimensions of feelings, relationship with parents, economic resources and social acceptance. Academic performance correlates with the dimensions of QoL and social skills, although there are differences between natives and immigrant adolescents.
- Características psicométricas e estrutura fatorial da FACES III numa amostra de famílias em risco psicossocialPublication . Nunes, Cristina; Ayala-Nunes, Lara; Ferreira, Laura Inês; Martins, CátiaEste estudo visou a adaptação e exploração das características psicométricas da Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar (FACES III) com uma população de famílias portuguesas em risco psicossocial. Esta medida é a mais utilizada para a avaliação do funcionamento familiar de acordo com as dimensões do Modelo Circumplexo dos Sistemas Familiares. Participaram 388 pais de crianças com medidas de apoio e proteção, residentes no Algarve. A FACES III foi aplicada em conjunto com medidas de stresse parental, aliança parental e sentimento de competência parental para testar a validade de constructo. A análise fatorial exploratória confirmou a solução original de dois fatores. A Coesão demonstrou alta consciência interna e boa validade de constructo, podendo ser considerada uma medida fiável desta dimensão. A Adaptabilidade apresentou resultados insatisfatórios em todos os indicadores psicométricos, pelo que se aconselha a revisão desta subescala. Os resultados são discutidos considerando as diversas versões do instrumento.
- Communication techniques used by pediatricians in the well-child program visits: a pilot studyPublication . Nunes, Cristina; Ayala, MarianoGood communication between a parent and pediatrician may increase therapeutic adherence and the parent’s satisfaction. That is why the pediatrician’s main activity in a consultation is getting and giving information. Objective: To analyze what occurs during the pediatrician visits of the well-child program, namely the communication techniques used by the pediatricians. Methodology: We have analyzed 49 visits to five pediatricians in Seville (Spain). In order to study these visits we audio-taped them and transcribed the tapes. In order to quantify the communication techniques used by the pediatricians we developed a check list with 27 categories divided into three main communication tasks in a primary care visit: “concrete data gathering,” “narrative support” and “information & counseling.” Results: We have identified 2025 instances by which pediatricians used a communication technique, 1201 (59%) instances by which pediatrician used a communication technique to get information and 824 (41%) instances by which they gave information and counseling. Pediatricians used a limited range of techniques to inform and counsel and to give narrative support. Significant differences between pediatricians were observed in the use of most techniques. Conclusion: A limited range of communication techniques was observed. The lack of homogeneity between pediatricians suggested different styles of communication, depending on the quantity and quality of communication techniques. Practice implications: This result can be regarded as a useful hypothesis, and should be confirmed with larger pediatrician samples, because it would help to understand consultation practices better and this in time may help improve communication with parents.
- Comparative analysis between condom use clusters and risk behaviours among portuguese university studentsPublication . Gomes, Alexandra; Nunes, CristinaThe research on condom use has been focused on high-risk individuals, paying less attention to those who have moderate risk or safe sexual conducts. In order to design accurate interventions, potential differences among the condom use behavior groups must be considered. The goal was to assess possible differences in individuals presenting different types of risk behavior. 140 heterosexual university students answered a self-reported questionnaire about their sexual history, condom use habits, sexual self-esteem, sexual satisfaction, sexual control, attitudes towards condoms, self-efficacy to condom use, and emotions and feelings during sexual intercourse. A cluster analysis was conducted using the results about condom use and risk behaviors. Three groups with different risk levels emerged, presenting differences over sexual self-efficacy, attitudes towards condoms, socio-demographic variables, and sexual history. The results suggest the condom use inconsistency is highly associated with other risk behaviors but the contrary does not necessarily happens. Condom use consistent users also presented risk behaviors as smoking and drinking. The group differences suggest the risks were more affected by the combination of lack of skills with a negative attitude toward condoms than by contextual or personal variables. These differences sustain the need of an intervention adjusted to the individual's risk levels, since they differ on skills and beliefs that may hinder or promote the adoption of health behaviors.
- A comparative study on the health and well-being of adolescent immigrants in Spain and PortugalPublication . Hernando Gomez, Angel; Nunes, Cristina; Torres, Carmen Cruz; Lemos, Ida; Valadas, Sandra T.The terms on which the integration of new generations of immigrants into Portuguese and Spanish societies happens will have a decisive influence in the future of both countries. Therefore, promoting their health, well-being, and psychosocial adaptation is a matter of strategic interest. This paper analyses psychosocial factors associated with well-being and psychological adjustment on a sample of 108 adolescents (55 males and 53 females), children of immigrants from Huelva (Spain) and Algarve (Portugal), aged between 10 and 17 years. Adolescents were assessed for demographic characteristics and perceived well-being. We used the “KIDSCREEN-5”, a self-report questionnaire that yields detailed profile information for children aged 8 to 18 years for the following ten dimensions: Physical well-being, Psychological well-being, Moods and emotions, Self-perception, Autonomy, Parental relationships and home life, Financial resources, Social support and peers, School environment, and Social acceptance(Bullying). Overall, significant differences were found between the Spanish and Portuguese samples on physical well-being, psychological well-being, mood, financial resources and social acceptance (bullying). Boys perceived themselves as having a better physical well-being than girls. Mothers’ educational level was associated with psychological well-being and mood. Also, results suggested that residence location and other socio-demographical variables were not associated with the adolescents’ well-being and psychological adjustment.