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Percorrer por autor "Olsen, Jesper V."

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  • Comparing extraction method efficiency for high-throughput palaeoproteomic bone species identification
    Publication . Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea; Harking, Florian S.; Taurozzi, Alberto J.; Fagernäs, Zandra; Godinho, Ricardo Miguel; Smith, Geoff M.; Weiss, Marcel; Schüler, Tim; McPherron, Shannon P.; Meller, Harald; Cascalheira, João; Bicho, Nuno; Olsen, Jesper V.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Welker, Frido
    High-throughput proteomic analysis of archaeological skeletal remains provides information about past fauna community compositions and species dispersals in time and space. Archaeological skeletal remains are a finite resource, however, and therefore it becomes relevant to optimize methods of skeletal proteome extraction. Ancient proteins in bone specimens can be highly degraded and consequently, extraction methods for well-preserved or modern bone might be unsuitable for the processing of highly degraded skeletal proteomes. In this study, we compared six proteomic extraction methods on Late Pleistocene remains with variable levels of proteome preservation. We tested the accuracy of species identification, protein sequence coverage, deamidation, and the number of post-translational modifications per method. We find striking differences in obtained proteome complexity and sequence coverage, highlighting that simple acid-insoluble proteome extraction methods perform better in highly degraded contexts. For well-preserved specimens, the approach using EDTA demineralization and protease-mix proteolysis yielded a higher number of identified peptides. The protocols presented here allowed protein extraction from ancient bone with a minimum number of working steps and equipment and yielded protein extracts within three working days. We expect further development along this route to benefit large-scale screening applications of relevance to archaeological and human evolution research.
    2023Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Fresh insights into sex-specific mobility in copper age perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal) provided by amelogenin peptide analysis
    Publication . Cintas-Peña, Marta; Evangelista, Lucy Shaw; Valera, António; Sanjuán, Leonardo García; Rebay-Salisbury, Katharina; Koenig, Claire; Olsen, Jesper V.; Kanz, Fabian
    Sex estimation based on amelogenin peptides in dental enamel has opened up possibilities to study prehistoric demography in a new light. The application of this technique is of particular importance for the analysis of prehistoric collective burials, where the commingled and disarticulated nature of human remains makes sex estimations challenging. This paper presents data on the sex of 35 individuals from the Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic site of Perdigões (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Portugal), obtained by amelogenin peptide analysis of dental enamel. The results are combined with observations on chronological and spatial distribution of the burial structures as well as strontium isotope data obtained from the same teeth. The new evidence enables the analysis of sex-specific mobility patterns, even at a site where the large majority of human remains discovered to date (MNI=565) are heavily commingled and highly fragmented. The results show a greater number of males (n =6) than females (n=2) among the local individuals, and a balance between males (n=14) and females (n=13) among nonlocal ones, suggesting similar mobility for both sexes. These results are contextualized with the evidence available both for the Iberian Peninsula and the European continent. The greater female mobility observed at sites with similar chronologies in Central Europe, which has been interpreted in terms of female exogamy and patrilocality, is not replicated at Perdigões, where males and females have similar strontium isotope values.
    2025-03-29Artigo científico Acesso restrito Ver mais