Browsing by Author "Pina, Pedro"
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- A coupled hydrodynamic and ecological model to manage water quality in Ria Formosa coastal lagoonPublication . Martins, Flávio Augusto Bastos da Cruz; Pina, Pedro; Calado, S.; Neves, R.Nitrate and urban waste water directives have raised the need for a better understanding of coastal systems in the European Union. The incorrect application of these directives can lead to important ecological or social penalties. In this paper this problem is addressed to Ria Formosa Coastal Lagoon. Ria Formosa hosts a Natural Park, important ports of the southern Portuguese coast and significant bivalve aquaculture activity. Four major urban waste water treatment plants discharging into the lagoon are considered in this study. Its treatment level must be selected, based on. detailed information from a monitoring program and on a good knowledge of the processes determining the fate of the material discharged into the lagoon., In this paper the results of a monitoring program and simulations using a coupled hydrodynamic and water quality/ecological model, MOHID, are used to characterise the system and to understand the processes in Ria Formosa. It is shown that the water residence time in most of the. lagoon is quite low, of the order of days, but it can be larger in the upper parts of the channels where land generated water is discharged. The main supply of nutrients to the lagoon comes from the open sea rather than from the urban discharges. For this reason the characteristics and behaviour of the general lagoon contrasts with the behaviour of the upper reaches of the channels where the influence of the waste water treatment plants are high. In this system the bottom mineralization was found to be an important mechanism, and the inclusion of that process in the model was essential to obtain good results.
- Development of an integrated system for coastal watersPublication . Pina, Pedro; Martins, Flávio Augusto Bastos da Cruz; Leitão, Paulo Chambel; Braunschweig, Frank; Neves, R.This paper describes some of the needs and problems associated to assessment of coastal and estuarine problems (sediment transport and eutrophication). The development of an integrated system including EO data, local measurements with special emphasis on modeling tools, is presented as a solution for studying and helping decision making on the subject. Two pilot sites for the implementation and the present development status of the integrated system are depicted. This framework was already presented in a recent AO specific for Portugal, which is still under evaluation.
- A importância dos processos físicos no controlo da eutrofização em estuáriosPublication . Pina, Pedro; Braunschweig, Frank; Saraiva, Sofia; Santos, Madalena; Martins, Flávio Augusto Bastos da Cruz; Neves, R.Muitos dos problemas tróficos existentes nos estuários e zonas costeiras têm origem no excesso de nutrientes, em particular Azoto (N) e Fósforo (P), resultante do sucessivo enriquecimento dos rios durante o seu percurso até ao mar e também de descargas directas nestes sistemas. Nixon (1995) definiu eutrofização como o aumento da quantidade de matéria orgânica disponível na massa de água. Esta é uma definição assumida neste estudo, considerando que a eutrofização é o primeiro, de uma sequência de fenómenos resultantes do sobre-enriquecimento de nutrientes, que inclui a alteração de espécies dominantes e o aumento dos níveis de turbidez da água.
- Modelação do impacte produzido pelo aumento de nutrientes na produção primária do estuário do SadoPublication . Martins, Flávio Augusto Bastos da Cruz; Neves, R.; Pina, PedroOs modelos matemáticos são ferramentas poderosas para avaliar o impacto humano em sistemas costeiros e estuarinos de estrutura complexa. Neste artigo utiliza-se um sistema de modelos para caracterizar o estado trófico do estuário do Sado e para prever a sua evolução baseada em diferentes cenários de intervenção humana. Analisa-se em pormenor o efeito do aumento de nutrientes introduzidos no estuário através do rio. Este estudo permite tirar conclusões sobre o impacte que esse aumento terá sobre o estuário. O sistema de modelação é composto por um modelo hidrodinâmico tridimensional às equações primitivas e modelos de transporte acoplados a modelos de transporte de sedimentos, modelos de qualidade da água e modelos ecológicos. O modelo hidrodinâmico encontra-se calibrado e validado para o sistema. Utilizam-se dados de campo de nutrientes e de fitoplâncton para comparação com os resultados do modelo. Analisam-se as características do sistema e efectua-se uma análise de sensibilidade do comportamento biológico do estuário face ao aumento da carga de nutrientes. As conclusões principais são: Confirmação da adequabilidade da metodologia utilizada para a simulação da situação actual do estuário; Pequena sensibilidade do estuário a aumentos moderados da carga de nutrientes; Sensibilidade moderada do estuário para elevadas cargas de nutrientes.
- Modelling antropogenic impact on primary production of sado estuaryPublication . Martins, Flávio Augusto Bastos da Cruz; Neves, R.; Pina, PedroThe assessment of human impact on complex estuarine systems is a multidisciplinary task that is highly demanding in terms of measurements and fieldwork. Nowadays the use of inexpensive and reliably modeling tools can substantially reduce the amount of measurements needed to characterize a system. These tools are also a convenient way to forecast the future evolution of the system and to study the impact of different scenarios of human influence. In this communication a modeling system composed by hydrodynamic, transport and ecological models is used to assess the current trophic state of Sado Estuary (Portugal) and to predict the future trends of the system based on different scenarios of human intervention. Special care is taken to the impact of changing riverine nutrient loads. Sado estuary is a large European estuary that has been considered until now in good trophic conditions with eutrophication appearing only in some isolated spots. Nevertheless in recent years some studies point out that the situation is changing. Sado estuary is a system with strong environmental opposing interests. It hosts a major industrial and urban center around the city of Setúbal and the upper reaches are used to intensive cultures such as rice. On the other hand the estuary possess an important ecological value since it is used by several important species of fish as a spawning and nursery area and it’s wetlands are used by many species of birds as winter shelters. Due to it’s importance the majority of Sado Estuary is considered as Natural Reserve.