Browsing by Author "Silva, A. M."
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- A case of human bone chalcolithic technology from the perdigoes site (Alentejo, Portugal)Publication . Cunha, C.; Almeida, N. J.; Santander, B.; Tomé, T.; Saladié, P.; Valera, António Carlos; Cabaco, N.; Silva, A. M.A human femur diaphysis in the form of a burin was excavated from a secondary burial context containing osteological remains and industry in the Archaeological Complex of Perdigoes (Portugal). The majority of these evidences are thermo- altered and highly fragmented. Radiocarbon dates for this context place it in the middle 3rd millennium BC. Typological analyses indicate that the human femur fragment is a burin, and use- wear comparisons suggest that it was used to drill hide. Copyright (C) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Addressing human mobility in Iberian Neolithic and Chalcolithic ditched enclosures: The case of Perdigoes (South Portugal)Publication . Carlos Valera, António; Zalaite, I; Maurer, A. F.; Grimes, V; Silva, A. M.; Ribeiro, S.; Santos, J. F.; Barrocas Dias, C.To access the role of mobility in the social trajectory of Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic societies in the South of Portugal (Southwest Iberia) a project was design to address the human, animal and object/raw material flow present at Perdigoes enclosure. Perdigoes, located in the inner Alentejo region, has a long chronology from Late Middle Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age (middle 4th and 3rd millennium BC). It is a large complex of ditched enclosures (with at least 16 ditches), presenting several funerary contexts, an abundance of faunal remains and significant concentrations of exogenous materials in tombs. In this study human and animal mobility are addressed through Sr-87/Sr-86 isotopic analysis. 69 individuals dating from Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic, with provenance from 9 different archaeological contexts inside the enclosures (tombs, ditches and pits) were analysed. Human data are presented along with previously published strontium isotope ratios from fauna (n = 28; Canis familiaris, Bos taurus, Sus sp., Ovis/Capra, Cervus elaphus, Equus sp.) from the same chronological range and several contextual provenances (Zalaite et al., 2018). Plant samples (n = 20) that cover local and peripheral lithologies were used for establishing local bioavailable strontium isotope ranges. To compare with the Perdigoes results, 9 human samples from 3 megalithic monuments (Cebolinhos 1, Comenda 1 and Vidigueiras 2) of the local settlement network were also analysed. The results show a significant scaled mobility of humans and animals in Perdigoes, a contextual variation between the funerary contexts within the site and a significant contrast with the individuals from local megalithic monuments. These results, combined with other archaeological data at the site, agree with the interpretation of the site as a large aggregation centre integrated in large scale interaction networks.
- Intercomparison of spectroradiometers and Sun photometers for the determination of the aerosol optical depth during the VELETA-2002 field campaignPublication . Estelles, V.; Utrillas, M. P.; Martinez-Lozano, J. A.; Alcantara, A.; Alados-Arboledas, L.; Olmo, F. J.; Lorente, J.; de Cabo, X.; Cachorro, V.; Horvath, H.; Labajo, A.; Sorribas, M.; Diaz, J. P.; Diaz, A. M.; Silva, A. M.; Elias, T.; Pujadas, M.; Rodrigues, José-António; Canada, J.; Garcia, Y.[ 1] In July 2002 the VELETA-2002 field campaign was held in Sierra Nevada ( Granada) in the south of Spain. The main objectives of this field campaign were the study of the influence of elevation and atmospheric aerosols on measured UV radiation. In the first stage of the field campaign, a common calibration and intercomparison between Licor-1800 spectroradiometers and Cimel-318 Sun photometers was performed in order to assess the quality of the measurements from the whole campaign. The intercomparison of the Licor spectroradiometers showed, for both direct and global irradiances, that when the comparisons were restricted to the visible part of the spectrum the deviations were within the instruments' nominal accuracies which allows us to rely on these instruments for measuring physical properties of aerosols at the different measurement stations. A simultaneous calibration on AOD data was performed for the Cimel-318 Sun photometers. When a common calibration and methodology was applied, the deviation was lowered to much less than 0.01 for AOD. At the same time an intercomparison has been made between the AOD values given by the spectroradiometers and the Sun photometers, with deviations obtained from 0.01 to 0.03 for the AOD in the visible range, depending on the channel. In the UVA range, the AOD uncertainty was estimated to be around 0.02 and 0.05 for Cimel and Licor respectively. In general the experimental differences were in agreement with this uncertainty estimation. In the UVB range the AOD measurements should not be used due to maximum instrumental uncertainties.
- Sex determination from the femur in Portuguese populations with classical and machine-learning classifiersPublication . Curate, Francisco; Umbelino, Cláudia; Perinha, A.; Nogueira, C.; Silva, A. M.; Cunha, E.The assessment of sex is of paramount importance in the establishment of the biological profile of a skeletal individual. Femoral relevance for sex estimation is indisputable, particularly when other exceedingly dimorphic skeletal regions are missing. As such, this study intended to generate population-specific osteometric models for the estimation of sex with the femur and to compare the accuracy of the models obtained through classical and machine-learning classifiers. A set of 15 standard femoral measurements was acquired in a training sample (100 females; 100 males) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (University of Coimbra, Portugal) and models for sex classification were produced with logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machines (SVM), and reduce error pruning trees (REPTree). Under cross-validation, univariable sectioning points generated with REPTree correctly estimated sex in 60.0e87.5% of cases (systematic error ranging from 0.0 to 37.0%), while multivariable models correctly classified sex in 84.0-92.5% of cases (bias from 0.0 to 7.0%). All models were assessed in a holdout sample (24 females; 34 males) from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection (University of Coimbra, Portugal), with an allocation accuracy ranging from 56.9 to 86.2% (bias from 4.4 to 67.0%) in the univariable models, and from 84.5 to 89.7% (bias from 3.7 to 23.3%) in the multivariable models. This study makes available a detailed description of sexual dimorphism in femoral linear dimensions in two Portuguese identified skeletal samples, emphasizing the relevance of the femur for the estimation of sex in skeletal remains in diverse conditions of completeness and preservation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.