Browsing by Author "Woodward, S."
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- Oomycota species associated with deciduous and coniferous seedlings in forest tree nurseries of Western TurkeyPublication . Lehtijarvi, A.; Kaya, A. G. Aday; Woodward, S.; Jung, Thomas; Lehtijarvi, H. T. DogmusOccurrence and pathogenicity of Oomycota species causing root rot were investigated in 10 forest tree nurseries in western Turkey. Soil samples (129 in total) taken from the rhizosphere of symptomatic seedlings were baited for Oomycota using young leaves of Quercus suber, Rhododendron simsii and R.ponticum. Oomycota (178 isolates) were obtained by culturing on selective media, and identified using morphological methods followed by PCR and sequencing of the ITS rDNA and cox1 regions. Phytophthora aff. cactorum, P.citricola sensu lato, P.crassamura, P.syringae, Pythium aphanidermatum, Py.intermedium, Py.irregulare, Py.ultimum and Phytopythium vexans were common amongst the isolates. The highest diversity of Oomycota was found in the forest nurseries at Adapazar-Hendek and zmir-Torbal. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolates caused lesions on a range of host plants. The importance of these nursery infections in transferring potentially damaging oomycete species to Turkish forests is discussed.
- Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseasesPublication . Jung, Thomas; Orlikowski, L.; Henricot, B.; Abad-Campos, P.; Aday, A. G.; Aguin Casal, O.; Bakonyi, J.; Cacciola, S. O.; Cech, T.; Chavarriaga, D.; Corcobado, T.; Cravador, A.; Decourcelle, T.; Denton, G.; Diamandis, S.; Dogmus-Lehtijaervi, H. T.; Franceschini, A.; Ginetti, Beatrice; Green, S.; Glavendekic, M.; Hantula, J.; Hartmann, G.; Herrero, M.; Ivic, D.; Horta Jung, Marília; Lilja, A.; Keca, N.; Kramarets, V.; Lyubenova, A.; Machado, H.; Magnano di San Lio, G.; Mansilla Vazquez, P. J.; Marcais, B.; Matsiakh, I.; Milenkovic, I.; Moricca, S.; Nagy, Z. A.; Nechwatal, J.; Olsson, C.; Oszako, T.; Pane, A.; Paplomatas, E. J.; Pintos Varela, C.; Prospero, S.; Rial Martinez, C.; Rigling, D.; Robin, C.; Rytkoenen, A.; Sanchez, M. E.; Sanz Ros, A. V.; Scanu, B.; Schlenzig, A.; Schumacher, J.; Slavov, S.; Solla, A.; Sousa, E.; Stenlid, J.; Talgo, V.; Tomic, Z.; Tsopelas, P.; Vannini, A.; Vettraino, A. M.; Wenneker, M.; Woodward, S.; Perez-Sierra, A.An analysis of incidence of Phytophthora spp. in 732 European nurseries producing forest transplants, larger specimen trees, landscape plants and ornamentals, plus 2525 areas in which trees and shrubs were planted, is presented based on work conducted by 38 research groups in 23 European countries between 1972 and 2013. Forty-nine Phytophthora taxa were recorded in 670 nurseries (91.5%); within these nurseries, 1614 of 1992 nursery stands (81.0%) were infested, although most affected plants appeared healthy. In forest and landscape plantings, 56 Phytophthora taxa were recovered from 1667 of 2525 tested sites (66.0%). Affected plants frequently showed symptoms such as crown thinning, chlorosis and dieback caused by extensive fine root losses and/or collar rot. Many well-known highly damaging host-Phytophthora combinations were frequently detected but 297 and 407 new Phytophthora-host associations were also observed in nurseries and plantings, respectively. On average, 1.3 Phytophthora species/taxa per infested nursery stand and planting site were isolated. At least 47 of the 68 Phytophthora species/taxa detected in nurseries and plantings were exotic species several of which are considered well established in both nurseries and plantings in Europe. Seven known Phytophthora species/taxa were found for the first time in Europe, while 10 taxa had not been previously recorded from nurseries or plantings; in addition, 5 taxa were first detections on woody plant species. Seven Phytophthora taxa were previously unknown to science. The reasons for these failures of plant biosecurity in Europe, implications for forest and semi-natural ecosystems and possible ways to improve biosecurity are discussed.