Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-11"
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- Permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009Publication . Almany, G. R.; De Arruda, M. P.; Arthofer, W.; Atallah, Z. K.; Beissinger, S. R.; Berumen, M. L.; Bogdanowicz, S. M.; Brown, S. D.; Bruford, M. W.; Burdine, C.; Busch, J. W.; Campbell, N. R.; Carey, D.; Carstens, B. C.; Chu, K. H.; Cubeta, M. A.; Cuda, J. P.; Cui, Z.; Datnoff, L. E.; D'Ávila, J. A.; Davis, E. S.; Davis, R. M.; Diekmann, O. E.; Eizirik, E.; Fargallo, J. A.; Fernandes, F.; Fukuda, H.; Gale, L. R.; Gallagher, E.; Gao, Y.; Girard, P.; Godhe, A.; Gonçalves, E. C.; Gouveia, Licínia; Grajczyk, A. M.; Grose, M. J.; Gu, Z.; Halldén, C.; Härnström, K.; Hemmingsen, A. H.; Serrão, EsterThis article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.
- A spatiotemporal reconstruction of sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic during Dansgaard-Oeschger events 5-8Publication . Jensen, Mari F.; Nummelin, Aleksi; Nielsen, Soren B.; Sadatzki, Henrik; Sessford, Evangeline; Risebrobakken, Bjorg; Andersson, Carin; Voelker, Antje; Roberts, William H. G.; Pedro, Joel; Born, AndreasHere, we establish a spatiotemporal evolution of the sea-surface temperatures in the North Atlantic over Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events 5-8 (approximately 3040 kyr) using the proxy surrogate reconstruction method. Proxy data suggest a large variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures during the DO events of the last glacial period. However, proxy data availability is limited and cannot provide a full spatial picture of the oceanic changes. Therefore, we combine fully coupled, general circulation model simulations with planktic foraminifera based seasurface temperature reconstructions to obtain a broader spatial picture of the ocean state during DO events 5-8. The resulting spatial sea-surface temperature patterns agree over a number of different general circulation models and simulations. We find that sea-surface temperature variability over the DO events is characterized by colder conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during stadials than during inter-stadials, and the variability is linked to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and in the sea-ice cover. Forced simulations are needed to capture the strength of the temperature variability and to reconstruct the variability in other climatic records not directly linked to the seasurface temperature reconstructions. This is the first time the proxy surrogate reconstruction method has been applied to oceanic variability during MIS3. Our results remain robust, even when age uncertainties of proxy data, the number of available temperature reconstructions, and different climate models are considered. However, we also highlight shortcomings of the methodology that should be addressed in future implementations.
- Carbon isotopic fractionation in macroalgae from Cádiz Bay (Southern Spain): comparison with other bio-geographic regionsPublication . Mercado, Jesús M.; de los Santos, Carmen B.; Pérez-Lloréns, J. Lucas; Vergara, Juan J.The 13C signature of forty-five macroalgal species from intertidal zones at Ca´diz Bay was analysed in order to research the extension of diffusive vs. non-diffusive utilisation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and to perform a comparison with data published for other bio-geographic regions. The v13C values ranged from !6.8& to !33&, although the span of variation was different depending on the taxa. Thus, v13C for Chlorophyta varied from !7& (Codium adhaerens) to !29.6& (Flabellia petiolata), while all the Phaeophyceae (excepting Padina pavonica with v13C higher than !10&) had values between !10&, and !20&. The widest variation range was recorded in Rhodophyta, from values above !10& (Liagora viscida) to values lower than !30& obtained in three species belonging to the subclass Rhodymeniophycidae. Accordingly, the mean v13C value calculated for red algae (!20.2&) was significantly lower than that for brown (!15.9&) and green algae (!15.6&). Most of the analysed red algae were species inhabiting crevices and the low intertidal fringe which explains that, on average, the shaded-habitat species had a v13C value lower than those growing fully exposed to sun (i.e. in rockpools or at the upper intertidal zone). The comparison between the capacity for non-diffusive use of DIC (i.e. active or facilitated transport of HCO3 ! and/or CO2) and the v13C values reveals that values more negative than !30& indicate that photosynthesis is dependent on CO2 diffusive entry, whereas values above this threshold would not indicate necessary the operation of a non-diffusive DIC transport mechanism. Furthermore, external carbonic anhydrase activity (extCA) and v13C values were negatively correlated indicating that the higher the dependence of the photosynthesis on the CO2 supplied from HCO3 ! via extCA, the lower the v13C in the algal material. The comparison between the v13C values obtained for the analysed species and those published for species inhabiting other bio-geographic areas (warm-temperate, cold and polar) suggests that globally (at least for the red and brown algae) the non-diffusive entry of DIC is more widely spread among the species from Ca´diz Bay than among those of polar regions. If it is assumed that nondiffusive use of DIC implies saturation of photosynthesis at the present-day CO2 concentration in seawater, our data indicate that the potential impact of the acidification on photosynthesis in the seaweed communities will be different depending on the latitude.
- Gender differences in HIV-related sexual behavior among college students from Spain and PortugalPublication . Muñoz-Silva, Alicia; Sánchez-García, Manuel; Martins, A.T.; Nunes, CristinaUnder the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the objective of this study was to know the gender differences in the variables involved in the use of effective preventive measures in sexual relations against HIV in a sample of university students from Spain and Portugal. Furthermore, it is examined whether these factors produce different predictions concerning the adoption of safe sexual behaviour for young man and women in each country. The sample consisted of 683 university students, 319 Portuguese (64% female and 36% male) from the University of Algarve and 364 Spanish students (51% female and 49% male) from the University of Huelva. Data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. The data revealed that there are gender differences which apply in both countries, highlighting that the young women have more positive attitudes, greater perceived behavioural control and intention of condom use than young men. However, they protect themselves less that their male counterparts: the percentage of females who say using condoms as a contraceptive method is less than the percentage of males, and especially with their steady partners. The results are discussed in relation to gender role norms, to have a steady partner or not, gender relations, the associated meaning to sexual relations for men and women and their implications for the design of sexual educational programmes for them.
- Por um sistema de inovação Organizacional. A liderança de equipas na resolução de problemas complexosPublication . Cardoso de Sousa, Fernando; Monteiro, Ileana Pardal; Almeida, H.Dizer que o grande segredo do sucesso das empresas, especialmente em tempos conturbados, é a sua adaptabilidade às condições do mercado, parece um lugar-comum mas não deixa de ser verdade. No entanto, afirmar que a adaptabilidade é função da capacidade das chefias em levar os colaboradores a pensar em modos inovadores, já não parece tão evidente, por isso iremos dedicar este artigo à demonstração desta perspectiva.
- Por um sistema de inovação organizacionalPublication . Cardoso de Sousa, Fernando; Monteiro, Ileana Pardal; Almeida, H.Dizer que o grande segredo do sucesso das empresas, especialmente em tempos conturbados, é a sua adaptabilidade às condições do mercado, parece um lugar comum mas não deixa de ser verdade. No entanto, afirmar que a adaptabilidade é função da capacidade das chefias em levar os colaboradores a pensar em modos inovadores, já não parece tão evidente, por isso iremos dedicar este artigo à demonstração desta perspectiva.
- Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1 and artemisinin-based combination therapy in AfricaPublication . Dahlstrom, Sabina; Ferreira, Pedro; Veiga, Maria Isabel; Sedighi, Nazli; Wiklund, Lisa; Martensson, Andreas; Farnert, Anna; Sisowath, Christin; Osorio, Lyda; Darban, Hamid; Andersson, Bjoern; Kaneko, Akira; Conseil, Gwanaelle; Bjorkman, Anders; Gil, José PedroPlasmodium falciparum response mechanisms to the major artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are largely unknown. Multidrug-resistance protein (MRP)-like adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters are known to be related to multidrug resistance in many organisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that sequence variation in pfmrp1 can contribute to decreased parasite sensitivity to ACT. Through sequencing of the pfmrp1 open reading frame for 103 geographically diverse P. falciparum infections, we identified 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 21 were nonsynonymous and 6 synonymous. Analyses of clinical efficacy trials with artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine detected a specific selection of the globally prevalent I876V SNP in recurrent infections after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. Additional in silico studies suggested an influence of variation in amino acid 876 on the ATP hydrolysis cycle of pfMRP1 with potential impact on protein functionality. Our data suggest for the first time, to our knowledge, the involvement of pfMRP1 in P. falciparum in vivo response to ACT.
- Species specificity of bacteria associated to the brown seaweeds Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) and their potential for Induction of rapid coral bleaching in Acropora muricataPublication . Vieira, Christophe; Engelen, Aschwin H.; Guentas, Linda; Aires, Tânia; Houlbreque, Fanny; Gaubert, Julie; Serrao, Ester A.; De Clerck, Olivier; Payri, Claude E.While reef degradation is occurring worldwide, it is not uncommon to see phase shifts from coral to macroalgal dominated reefs. Numerous studies have addressed the mechanisms by which macroalgae may outcompete corals and a few recent studies highlighted the putative role of bacteria at the interface between macroalgae and corals. Some studies suggest that macroalgae may act as vectors and/or foster proliferation of microorganisms pathogenic for corals. Using a combination of high throughput sequencing, bacterial culturing, and in situ bioassays we question if the adversity of macroalgal associated bacteria to corals is mediated by specific bacterial taxa. Using Illumina sequencing, we characterized and compared the bacterial community from two Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) species. The two species presented distinctive bacterial communities. Both species shared approximately half of their OTUs, mainly the most abundant bacteria. Species-specific OTUs belong to Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. In total, 16 culturable bacterial strain were isolated and identified from the Lobophora surface, consisting of 10 genera (from nine families, four classes, and three phyla), some of which are not known as, but are related to pathogens involved in coral diseases, and others are naturally associated to corals. When patches of marine agar with 24 h cultures of each of these bacteria were placed in direct contact with the branches of the scleractinian coral Acropora muricata, they caused severe bleaching after 24 h exposure. Results suggest that regardless of taxonomic affinities, increase in density of these bacteria can be adverse to corals. Nevertheless, the microbial community associated to macroalgal surface may not represent a threat to corals, because the specific bacterial screening and control exerted by the alga preventing specific bacterial proliferation.