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- O Neo-Peplum: Hollywood e a herança do cinema popular europeu no séc. XXIPublication . Carrega, JorgeAtravés de uma análise histórico-formal este artigo propõe-se analisar a influência do peplum, um conjunto de filmes de aventuras produzidos na Europa mediterrânea entre 1958 e 1964, no cinema de Hollywood contemporâneo, em particular num ciclo de filmes que denominámos de neo-peplums pois, tal como o peplum europeu, estes caraterizam-se pela recriação fantasiosa do Mundo Antigo e pela hipertrofia do trabalho formal, utilizando os novos recursos tecnológicos na criação de uma mise-en-scène altamente estilizada.
- Recruitment patterns and processes of coastal fish species in a temperate rocky reefPublication . Klein, Maria; Borges, Rita Alexandra Duarte; Gonçalves, Emanuel; Caselle, JenniferRecruitment of marine fish is composed of several steps, e.g. larval dispersal, metamorphosis to the juvenile stage, settlement and post-settlement. Each step is influenced by biotic and abiotic mechanisms, leading to a large variability of recruitment in space and time. Recruitment is a highly complex ecological process that has an essential impact on the demography, dynamics, persistence and overall genetic structure of a population and on the connectivity among populations. Regarding demersal and benthic fish species the dispersal of eggs and larvae describes the main form of gene flow among populations and facilitates connectivity among populations. Our level of knowledge on patterns of recruitment, dispersal and connectivity of fish differs between tropical and temperate marine systems, especially regarding the nearshore system. Most recruitment studies from temperate areas have analysed pelagic species and demersal species of sandy bottoms that are of commercial interest. While studies on recruitment patterns of fish inhabiting reef systems have been conducted mostly in tropical systems, in temperate areas such studies, in particular with a fine time scale are less common. One reason might be that traditional sampling methods (e.g. underwater visual census) are difficult to operate in the temperate nearshore due to harsher sea conditions (strong wind, waves, and currents and low visibility). Furthermore, several previous studies have highlighted the lack of knowledge on larval dispersal and population connectivity for temperate demersal fish. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis were i) to study temporal and spatial patterns of recruitment of rocky reef associated and coastal fish species at a nearshore rocky reef; ii) to analyse the influence of environmental processes on temperate fish recruitment at a small within season and a larger inter-annual scale; iii) to describe early life history traits that can be relevant to recruitment and iv) to estimate larval dispersal and population connectivity of an intertidal rocky reef fish species along the south west Iberian Peninsula. In this thesis, the main study area was the Arrábida Marina Park at the dynamic west coast of Portugal which is part of the Iberian Peninsula Upwelling System. Here, the recruitment of a temperate nearshore fish assemblage was studied at various spatial and temporal scales by sampling fish with standardized collectors filled with artificial substrate. This included the analysis of recruitment patterns in relation with oceanographic processes through generalized additive modelling and multivariate analysis and the study of early life history traits (ELHT). Moreover, population connectivity and larval dispersal of a common intertidal reef fish were investigated through an interdisciplinary approach combining indirect and direct genetic tools with bio-physical modelling. Standardized recruitment collectors filled with plastic substrate and installed in the water column (SMURFs), performed better than other types investigated, mainly due to easier handling and replicability. This collector type was then used throughout the thesis and for the first time this type of recruit collector, registered as well the recruitment of a pelagic fish species, Trachurus trachurus. This was the most abundant species, followed by the benthopelagic Serranus hepatus and various other cryptobenthic and benthopelagic species. At a temporal scale, recruitment varied highly between weeks within the summer recruitment season and between three consecutive years of monitoring. Temporal variation of recruitment was found at a species level, but also on the structure of the recruitment assemblage and on the composition of biogeographic species groups. More temperate fish were collected in 2012 than in 2011 and 2013. On the other hand more warm-temperate fish were found in 2013. Within the study area, the recruitment pattern was highly patchy at a fine spatial scale (~20 m) but less different at a larger scale (1-10 km). Recruitment patterns were related with environmental conditions. The inter-annual variation of the structure of the recruitment assemblage was related to the environmental variables up-welling, SST and surface current. But, the interaction between abiotic factors and recruitment differed among species. Highest abundance of T. trachurus recruits was registered in 2011 and in this year recruitment peaks of T. trachurus occurred around the new moon phase. Additionally, recruitment was negatively correlated with upwelling. Four hatching cohorts were estimated through backcalculation of the hatching date and individuals from these cohorts differed regarding ELHTS. For example, the first cohort had a faster early fish growth. The larval dispersal and population connectivity study of this thesis indicated highly connected populations and potentially long-distance larval dispersal of the common rocky intertidal fish, Lepadogaster lepadogaster, despite its short pelagic larval duration. Still, the dispersal model revealed higher probabilities for larval retention and exponentially declining probabilities of dispersal with distance and the parentage analysis resulted in self-recruitment and short larval dispersal. These results indicate that both local recruitment and long-distance dispersal can play an important role in the replenishment of a population. Moreover, the population differentiation and patterns of larval dispersal of L. lepadogaster were highly variable between years and this could be explained by inter-annual variation in current patterns. In summary, in this thesis settlement (reef fish), nearshore recruitment (T. trachurus) and larval dispersal (L. lepadogaster), which can contribute to the overall patterns of recruitment of fish populations, exhibited clear temporal patterns. Furthermore, various interactions of these processes with abiotic factors were found, which highlight the important role of oceanographic processes in mediating patterns of recruitment and larval dispersal. Results are discussed in relation to variation of the adult’s reef fish assemblage of the Arrábida Marine Park and why the gained understanding is important for fishery and conservation management. Since knowledge on coastal fish recruitment, population connectivity and larval dispersal is available mostly for tropical coral reef systems, findings of this thesis can help to broaden our understanding of patterns and processes in temperate reef systems. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that a multidisciplinary study approach, combining ecology, oceanography and genetics, is necessary to improve our understanding of the highly complex, interactive process of recruitment.