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- Projected climate change and limited dispersal potential threaten the seahorse species Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatusPublication . Peiffer, Friederike; Assis, Jorge; Lima, André R. A.; Henriques, Sofia; Pardal, Miguel A.; Martinho, Filipe; Gonçalves, Jorge Manuel Santos; Gonçalves, Emanuel J.; Correia, Miguel; Silva, Gonçalo J. F.Climate change is predicted to drive species redistribution, altering the composition of marine communities and affecting ecosystem functioning. There is increasing evidence that fish distributions follow a trend of poleward expansion, while realised niches often decrease in range size. This study aimed to assess the influence of oceanographic connectivity and intrinsic dispersal mechanisms on changes in suitable habitats of the European seahorses (Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatus) from the present (2010–2020) until the end of the century (2090–2100). Habitat suitability was assessed using Ensemble Species Distribution Modelling under two Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) coupled with biophysical modelling to estimate oceanographic connectivity. The results show that intrinsic dispersal mechanisms and oceanographic connectivity limit the northward range expansion, while predicted habitat loss remained constant in all dispersal scenarios, with the highest habitat loss forecasted in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. Consequently, considering restricted dispersal, H. guttulatus was projected to experience a negative range change (or habitat contraction [-45% (SSP5)] as opposed to an expansion with unlimited dispersal (standard model) [+ 6% (SSP5)]. On the other hand, for H. hippocampus, a more limited range expansion [+ 8% (SSP5)] was forecasted compared to the standard model [+ 17% (SSP5)]. In addition, the lower emission scenario (SSP2) resulted in half of the habitat losses, while maintaining climate refugia for H. guttulatus populations in the north Mediterranean, Iberian Atlantic Coast, and Black Sea. This study highlights the importance of considering dispersal abilities when assessing climate change impacts on marine species distribution.
- Exploring few-shot approaches to automatic text complexity assessment in european portuguesePublication . Ribeiro, Eugénio; Antunes, David; Mamede, Nuno; Baptista, JorgeThe automatic assessment of text complexity has an important role to play in the context of language education. In this study, we shift the focus from L2 learners to adult native speakers with low literacy by exploring the new iRead4Skills dataset in European Portuguese. Furthermore, instead of relying on classical machine learning approaches or fine-tuning a pre-trained language model, we leverage the capabilities of prompt-based Large Language Models (LLMs), with a special focus on few-shot prompting approaches. We explore prompts with varying degrees of information, as well as different example selection approaches. Overall, the results of our experiments reveal that even a single example significantly increases the performance of the model and that few-shot approaches generalize better than fine-tuned models. However, automatic complexity assessment is a difficult and highly subjective task that is still far from solved.