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- Social support and job satisfaction in nursing staff: understanding the link through role ambiguityPublication . Orgambídez, Alejandro; Almeida, Helena; Borrego, YolandaAim This study aimed to analyse the mediator effect of role ambiguity between social support from supervisor and colleagues and job satisfaction in Portuguese nursing staff. Background Few studies have analysed the processes through which social support increases job satisfaction in the nursing context. Design A cross-sectional design using questionnaires. Method A total of 124 registered nurses and 130 certified nursing assistants participated in the study. Mediation analysis was performed by calculating percentile confidence intervals (10,000 resamples). Results Mediation analysis revealed a partial mediation between social support and job satisfaction through role ambiguity. The direct effect was greater in the case of supervisor support. Conclusions Social support is a crucial resource in the nursing work context with a beneficial effect on well-being (e.g. reducing role stress) and job satisfaction. Implications for Nursing Management Managers of hospitals and health units can establish the organizational bases to facilitate this process, considering the importance of the role of the supervisors and colleagues in the provision of high levels of instrumental and socio-emotional support.
- Social support, role clarity and job satisfaction: a successful combination for nursesPublication . Orgambidez, Alejandro; Almeida, HelenaAim To analyse the moderating effect of role clarity on the relationship between social support (supervisor and colleagues) and job satisfaction. Background The social support of supervisors and co-workers and the clarity of roles are important antecedents of job satisfaction. According to the Conservation of Resources theory, the interaction of the instrumental nature of role clarity and social support would result in higher levels of job satisfaction in nursing. Methods Through a convenience sample, a final sample of 191 participants (64.92% registered nurses, 35.08% nursing assistants) was obtained from a private hospital complex in Portugal. Hierarchical linear regression models were carried out to check the moderating function of role clarity. Results Regression models showed the moderating effect of role clarity. Nursing staff with high social support from their supervisors and peers showed higher scores in job satisfaction when role clarity was high. Conclusion An adequate description of roles, through clear and detailed information regarding expected functions, responsibilities and behaviour, allows the effect of social support from supervisors and co-workers on job satisfaction to be stronger. Implications for nursing practice Strategies such as defining responsibilities, setting clear expectations and role analysis allow a reduction in sources of uncertainty in jobs. Training in communication and feedback skills would improve the social support given by supervisors and colleagues. Implications for nursing policy Hospital boards and nurse managers should be aware of the importance of clarifying roles, responsibilities, and functions of each professional category and hierarchical level for the provision of adequate quality of care.
- Exploring the link between structural empowerment and job satisfaction through the mediating effect of role stress: a cross-sectional questionnaire studyPublication . Orgambidez, Alejandro; Almeida, HelenaBackground: Role stress (ambiguity and conflict) is a major psychosocial risk at work negatively associated with job satisfaction in the nursing context. According to Kanter's empowerment theory, high levels of structural empowerment reduce role stress, so role ambiguity and conflict could be potential mediators of the relationship between empowerment and job satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between structural empowerment, role stress (ambiguity and conflict), and job satisfaction, assuming the mediating role of role stress on the relationship between structural empowerment and job satisfaction. Design: A cross-sectional design was utilized, using questionnaires for data collection and convenience sampling. Setting(s): : Private health care organizations in southern Portugal. Participants: One hundred and twenty-four registered nurses (sample 1) and one hundred and thirty certified nursing assistants (sample 2) completed self-report measures of structural empowerment, role stress, and job satisfaction. Methods: Mediation analysis was performed using linear regression models and the bootstrapping method. Bias-Corrected confidence intervals (95%) were calculated for the study of direct and indirect effects. Results: In both samples, structural empowerment, role ambiguity, and role conflict were significant predictors of job satisfaction. Both ambiguity and role conflict partially mediated the effect of structural empowerment on job satisfaction. The effect mediated by ambiguity was greater than the effect mediated by role conflict in both registered nurses and certified nursing assistants. Conclusions: Two processes could explain the effect of structural empowerment on job satisfaction in the nursing context: a direct effect generating experiences and perceptions of power in professionals; and an indirect effect reducing role stress levels in the workplace. The creation of empowering workplaces which clarify work roles and functions of nursing staff should be a priority issue for health managers and nurse executives. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.