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- Understanding online reviews in all-inclusive hotels servicescape: a fuzzy set approachPublication . Rassal, C.; Correia, Antónia; Serra, FranciscoThe concept of all-inclusive (AI) hotel service is complex and multidimensional; grounded on the SERVQUAL model, this research aims to identify the main components of AI service that moderate online ratings. Aside from the dimensions comprised in the SERVQUAL model, this research discusses price, place, and experiences as essential components in AI hotel ratings. This research was applied in the Algarve, a mature sun and sea destination with more than thirty all-inclusive hotels in operation since 2008. A fuzzy set qualitative analysis (fsQCA) approach is used from 6742 validated reviews of four- and five-star all-inclusive hotels retrieved from TripAdvisor between August 2003 and April 2019. Single constructs in the AI ecosystem have no impact as a rating enhancer on TripAdvisor, with two or more constructs necessary to trigger the goal. This research also contributes by applying a fuzzy set approach to the extracted user-generated content (UGC) regarding AI hotels on TripAdvisor and revealing the necessary and sufficient conditions through the identified constructs that most contribute to high online ratings.
- Systems approach to model smart tourism ecosystemsPublication . Sedarati, Pooyan; Serra, Francisco; Jere Jakulin, TadejaThe tourism industry is inherently complex and a key player in sustainable development. This paper intends to discuss the path towards building a sustainable smart tourism ecosystem model by delving deep into the pivotal topics with interesting speculations on smart cities' perspectives that lay a broader foundation of smart tourism destinations. First, it discusses the interconnections and foundation of smart tourism ecosystems by proposing a general conceptual model describing traditional tourism transformation through ICTs. Second, by explicating each building block of smart tourism ecosystems and using systems methodology (systems thinking method and qualitative modeling in a frame of system dynamics) to break down the complex system of smart tourism's roles and components. Such methods are widely utilized in different fields of study to facilitate the decisionmaking process by furnishing a holistic view of the problem. For that matter, Causal Loop Diagramming (CLDs) was used as one of the powerful tools of systems thinking to depict smart tourism ecosystems. The proposed causal loop diagram considers sustainability as one of the main concerns and trying to shed some light on intricate networks of businesses, socioeconomic, and environmental subsystems in smart tourism destinations that are performing distinctively yet interdependent. This study is an ongoing process employing System Dynamics (SD) methodology for model testing and validation.