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- Estruturas mediterrânicas tradicionais. A utopia da paisagem urbano-turística do AlgarvePublication . Bragança, Carlos; Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Prates, Gonçalo Nuno DelgadoUma das características marcantes das paisagens mediterrânicas é a armação dos terrenos montanhosos em socalcos suportados por muros de pedra seca. Além do carácter identitário que imprimem na paisagem, as construções milenares em pedra seca estabelecem uma rede de compartimentação com várias funções ou utilidades, como suporte de terras, drenagem, armazenamento de águas, divisão de propriedade, limitação de caminhos e veredas. Para além destas funções, focar-nos-emos de forma especial nos valores sociais e éticos capazes de gerar alternativas de evolução da paisagem. No Algarve, se bem que os valores atribuídos pelas populações locais sejam determinantes nessa evolução, o papel dos turistas e população residente estrangeira pode, no entanto, ser fundamental para gerar novos contextos cénicos. O nosso argumento gira em torno do futuro da estrutura dos muros de pedra seca, a prospetar dentro da diversidade de possíveis soluções sobre o desenvolvimento da paisagem envolvente do sistema urbano, enquanto parte viva de uma unidade que inclui as áreas mais densamente urbanizadas. Designamos essa unidade região urbanoturística do Algarve, inspirada em duas referências utópicas: a de ‘região urbana’ e a de ‘agropólia’, em que a paisagem é assumida como bem comum e instrumento de conhecimento e reconhecimento –governança democrática– de espaços regionais.
- Territory and drystone walls. Comparative of case studies in central and southern PortugalPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Prates, Gonçalo; Pérez-Cano, María Teresa; Rosendahl, Stefan; I. Lombillo; H. Blanco; Y. BoffillSince becoming settled, Man had the need to shape the territory in his benefit, gaining ground for agricultural activity. Drystone walls were the way found to overcome sharp slopes. The way these walls are arranged in the territory is not random, as it may seem at first glance: they are disposed in the best way to facilitate the agricultural activity, taking into account the natural factors of the territory where they are located, such as orography, climate or geology. Taking as study cases two regions in Portugal under slightly different climate regimes, one located in the Algarvian Barrocal and the other located in the Center, we intend to compare and advance with explanations as to the way drystone walls are disposed and their relation to the territory. To achieve the objectives bibliographical and photographic studies, as well as interviews with the inhabitants of these areas, and cartographic and field surveys were carried out. Whereas the purpose, materials and construction characteristics were achieved by the previous, their disposition and relationship with the orography were carried out by the latest. Particularly, field surveys were made by digital stereophotogrammetry applied to several overlapping nadiral photographic images from different perspectives acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle along its flying pathways that allowed for very high-resolution geographic data. Where such surveys were not made, cartographic data were used instead. Through the dissemination of such vernacular heritage, it becomes valued and known. In this way, people will attribute cultural and patrimonial value, protecting it, especially the local population that tends not to attribute any value to this “minor” heritage, contributing to its disappearance. There are still not much works about this subject in the areas analyzed here, so this paper has an added value, in order to disseminate and create added value to these kind of heritage.
- Silves bridge geometric model via structure-from-motion: tool for heritage digital catalogsPublication . Prates, Gonçalo; Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Lopes, Ana; Laranja, RobertoThe old bridge in Silves, Portugal, has five perfectly formed arches extending over the Arade river with about 76 meters long built of local materials. In the 14th century this structure was rebuilt on the location of a previous structure built when Silves was the Moorish capital between the 8th and 13th centuries occupation of the Algarve. Though a Roman road might have crossed this area, there is no medieval descriptions mentioning a bridge in Silves, still it is also known as the Roman bridge.After interventions in the 14th, 17th, 18th and 20th centuries, the bridge was classified as monument of public interest and became pedestrian-only and frequently evaluated for its risk of collapse. Stereo-photogrammetry is a recognized surface reconstruction tool applied for almost one century, where from several overlapping images of the surface a 3D model can be obtained. Contrasting with classical stereo-photogrammetry, Structure-from-Motion (SfM) is a nearly automated compilation of digital imagery processing strategies that solve for camera position and surface geometry using matching features identified in several images from diverse perspectives and preferably with high degree of overlap. Together with ongoing increase in computer power, SfM allowed digital stereophotogrammetry to be operative for close-range, high-resolution and non-metric overlapping digital images, and cost-effective. Applying these nearly automated strategies to digital images of the old bridge in Silves taken from the surrounding grounds, a dense point-cloud was computed providing its complete digital model allowing accurate measurements and materials visual identification, key elements for heritage digital catalogs and historical building information models.
- Renewing terraces and drystone walls of Algarvian Barrocal. Cultural and touristic valuesPublication . Marçal Gonçalves, Marta; Prates, Gonçalo Nuno Delgado; Rosendahl, StefanThis paper aims to enhance the functions of terraces and drystone walls as structural elements and distinctive factors of the traditional rural zone known as the barrocal of the Algarve, south of Portugal. In fact, such elements define the character of the landscape that forms the background of a traditional touristic region along the coast. The core of this paper will be the knowledge of construc-tion processes, spatial distribution, and hydrological, ecological, economic and social functions, once it is quite necessary for the Algarve region. Some projects and studies have been developed in the Mediterranean context, but there is not enough research on this subject in the south of Portugal. Secondly, the social meaning, or acknowledgement of the landscape characterized by drystone wall structures, will be the key for finding real possibilities of renewing the terraces. Therefore, the landscape will be assumed as a common good. In this subject, we take into account the potential role and sensibility of tourists and resident popu-lation. Beyond static patrimonial statutes, we can design some practical possibil-ities to enhance plastic features and new uses leading to an acknowledgement of the Algarvian drystone wall structure, referred as a part of Mediterranean coastal landscapes. Some examples that can add cultural and touristic value could be: recreation areas for urbanites, new cooperative forms of agriculture, hobby farm-ing, workshops about harvesting traditional products, circuits and pedestrian paths, and interchange with similar Mediterranean regions defining broader cir-cuits.