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- On the role of internal stakeholders in place brandingPublication . Golestaneh, Homayoun; Guerreiro, Manuela; Pinto, Patrícia; Mosaddad, Seyed HashemPurpose – Although place branding (PB) has been researched and practised for several years, the number of studies examining the role of internal stakeholders is still limited. The purpose of this paper is to identify the internal stakeholders associated with PB and particularly, the roles they play in such a process. Design/methodology/approach – Through a systematic literature review in four major global databases, 55 qualified research studies on PB were identified and thoroughly reviewed. Selected studies were examined, analysed and classified according to five categories: bibliographic data, methodologies adopted, conceptual frameworks, empirical foundation and stakeholders’ relevance. Findings – This study shows no existing consensus over the type/role of internal stakeholders in PB research. The findings indicate different methodologies, conceptual frameworks and branding approaches, as well as various empirical foundations in the reviewed studies. The results highlight the significance of internal stakeholders’ influence over PB and their roles in the process. The findings also underline the need for strategies that prioritise stakeholders’ social interactions, collective experiences and affective engagement to develop an inclusive place brand. Practical implications – This study provides an alternative perspective that underlines the development of inclusive PB frameworks by providing stakeholders with motivational and emotional incentives, capturing their creativity and imagination and encouraging them to participate in the process. Such frameworks entail a transdisciplinary approach to PB as a dynamic process that depends on all internal stakeholders’ active engagement. Originality/value – This review offers an in-depth perspective on relevant internal stakeholders and their roles in PB. The study further scrutinises the three most related research topics on internal stakeholders, including co-creation, internal branding and participatory PB.
- The online destination image as portrayed by the user-generated content on social media and its impact on tourists' engagementPublication . Martins Guerreiro, Maria Manuela; Ramos, Celia; de Matos, Nelson Manuel da Silva; Golestaneh, Seyed Homayoun; Sequeira, Bernardete; Nobre Pereira, Luis; MIGUEL AGAPITO, DORA LÚCIA; Rafaela Martins; Wikesjö, MagdaTourism Destination Image (TDI) is complex, dynamic and multidimensional by nature and shaped by a multitude of events, interactions and sensory impressions, especially once the tourist is at the destination, generating tourists' engagement on social media networks. This study aims to measure the online destination image (ODI) portrayed in user-generated content (UGC) on social media by employing the sentiment analysis method. Data were extracted from Facebook and Instagram on the Visit Algarve social media profile. The Algarve region is situated in the south of Portugal and is one of Europe's most popular tourist destinations. The main results shed light on the relevance of intangible heritage experiences as triggers of positive feelings about the destination. Content shared about tourists' activities in the region generates more engagement in the tourism destination's social media. Tangible heritage received the lowest rated sentiment, and destination agents should strategically look into it as there are opportunities for destination management. Tourism infrastructure has the lowest engagement value; therefore, in terms of promotion, it does not generate interest.