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- Why do the young generations not play golf?Publication . Portugal, Miguel Nuno; Do Carmo, Manuel; Correia, AntóniaGolf is one of the most competitive sports for tourists in Portugal but not among the young generation. The young population often neglected this sport and categorized it as an elite sport for seniors. This situation may compromise the position Portugal has of the best golf destination in the world. To keep this position it is time to promote and attract young people starting with the residents. This research, exploratory in its essence, used a convenience sample to test why young people do not feel attracted to practice golf. The results suggest that there are very few teenagers willing to practice golf. The arguments are mostly this sport is not affordable, it is more tourist oriented, and is connoted as an eclectic social activity more than as a sport. These results, with evident implications on the attractiveness of golf, suggest that to overcome this situation the promotion should be oriented to attract young people.
- Positive effects of COVID-19 on food preparation and expenditure habits: a comparative study across three countriesPublication . Özen, Asli Emine; Kartarı, Asker; Correia, Antónia; Wen, Jun; Kozak, MetinObjective: This study seeks to empirically investigate how the changing eating habits affect health habits within three countries with entirely different cultures and diets to understand to what extent the pandemic may be responsible for these changes. Design: Specifically, a questionnaire was conducted in China, Portugal and Turkey in early 2021. A series of statistical analyses were performed to identify how changes in individuals' eating habits have influenced their diets, considering the pandemic context and the varying cultural contexts where this research was performed. Setting: A structured questionnaire form was developed and uploaded to an online platform with unique links for automatic distribution to respondents in each country. Data for the main survey were gathered between 3 January and 1 February 2021. Participants: Using snowball sampling, the authors leveraged their social networks by asking friends and colleagues to distribute the survey to potentially interested individuals. This distribution was stratified accordingly to the distribution of the population. The authors ultimately collected 319 useable surveys from China, 351 from Portugal and 449 from Turkey. Results: The pandemic inspired healthier food habits, mostly because people have additional time to cook, shop differently for food and spend more money on groceries. Conclusions: The study suggests that aside from cultural values and dietary habits, the available time and the fear of the pandemic most explained the new eating habits. Several implications are provided for researchers and overall society in these three countries.
- Determinants of tourism return behaviourPublication . Pinto, Patrícia; Correia, Antónia; Rebelo, EfigénioRecent studies demonstrate that an increased number of Portuguese tourists choose Brazil as a tourism destination. Based on a literature review on the determinants of tourism demand, this study proposes a logit model that explains the probability of returning to this destination as a function of motivations, expectations, travel characteristics and the tourist's socio-demographic profile. After formulating the model, defining and testing of the six research hypotheses takes place. The study sample comprises 112 Portuguese tourists travelling to Brazil. The data fit the model adequately and the paper concludes with the authors discussing the theoretical and marketing implications.
- Pre- and post-pandemic travel behaviour and intentions: Clustering Portuguese generationsPublication . Ramires, Ana; Carvalho, Inês; Correia, AntóniaThe paper examines generational travel behaviour and intentions of Portuguese tourists before and after the pandemic. The comparisons established a framework to understand what really has changed. The sample includes 490 Portuguese tourists. Our analysis revealed three clusters which are distinct in terms of generation belonging and distance travelled, among other variables. The results suggest that the willingness to travel is higher than previously, working as a kind of revenge to mitigate the isolation times. Strategical implications for practitioners are outlined.
- Students’ motivation for a sustainable career in the Hospitality Industry in PortugalPublication . Cesário, Francisco; Sabino, Ana; Moreira, Ana; Portugal, Miguel; Correia, AntóniaBased on the intersection between Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 “Quality Education” and SDG 8 “Decent Work and Economic Growth”, the main purpose of this study, framed by the self-determination theory, was to identify the relationship between the factors that motivate students to pursue a career in the hospitality and tourism industry and their commitment to the university and to their program, guaranteeing a more sustainable career. Methodologically, a survey was used to assess students’ perceptions about their commitment to conclude their BA academic program and their time at university, and to identify the types of motivation to pursue a future career in hospitality and tourism. The study took place, with the participation of 305 students, in one of the leading Portugal universities in hospitality and tourism. By leveraging the structural equation modelling technique, we tested how extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for a career in the hospitality and tourism industry contribute to the commitment to the program and the university. Results suggested that students’ commitment to remain in the university and their commitment to conclude their BA program are mainly associated with introjected motivation. This study highlights the need to study higher education systems to boost sustainable human resources management, mainly creating bridges between education systems and industry to allow individuals to have more sustainable careers.
- Impacts of COVID-19 on changing patterns of household food consumption: an intercultural study of three countriesPublication . Kartari, Asker; Özen, Asli Emine; Correia, Antónia; Wen, Jun; Kozak, MetinIn light of COVID-19’s effects on individuals’ social, economic, political, and psychological values, this paper aims to investigate the pandemic’s role in possible changes to people’s food consumption and meal habits in three countries, namely China, Portugal, and Turkey. The sample includes individuals from the three countries, exploratory factor analysis and non-parametric tests were used to test the differences. Results suggest that coronavirus has played a strong part in altering households’ food consumption and meal habits within these countries. The pandemic has particularly led to greater consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and spending more time eating meals at home. Portugal appears to be consuming more seafood, bread, and butter whereas China features higher consumption of rice and meat products; Turkey is consuming more meat and eggs. The study closes with a set of recommendations for the society and future research.
- Decisions on participation in music festivals: an exploratory research in PortugalPublication . Portugal, João Pedro Valente; Correia, Antónia; Águas, PauloPurpose Music festivals offer new opportunities for leisure and tourist experiences in Portugal. Some tourists and residents, the so-called festival goers, participate and come back to these events, whereas others, the non-goers, never participate and are not willing to do so. The aim of this research is to understand the decision to participate or not based on facilitators and constraints to participate or not in a music festival, dismantling residents and tourists' attitudes. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 1,178 music festival goers and non-goers in Portugal. Content analysis was undertaken to depict the most important determinants of their decisions. Those determinants were categorized according to the three dimensions of factors of ecological systems theory, considering festival goers and non-goers as well as tourists and residents. Findings The results suggested that although constraints are not as often voiced as facilitators, both influence decisions that are expressed as delaying, postponing, avoiding or complying with others by participating in these events. Furthermore, the results suggested that the decision to participate or not depends on the social contexts of the festival goers or non-goers, and that these social contexts may invert their decision, be it by facilitating or constraining their participation. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to festivals in Portugal and used a qualitative analysis that may be confirmed in other countries with quantitative methods. Nevertheless, this research opens paths to discuss facilitators and constraints through ecological system theory and gives insights into this industry. Practical implications The results provide important insights for festival organizers to retain and build long-term relationships with festival goers. The results also provide insights into how to overcome the resistance which non-goers demonstrated. Social implications This research offers an in-depth and insightful understanding of individuals' attitudes towards music festivals, allowing festival demand to be better understood. Furthermore, this research proves that attendance of music festivals is mostly a socially driven behaviour. Originality/value By eliciting facilitators and constraints of the decision to participate in music festivals, considering residents and tourists, festival goers and non-goers, this study provides a deeper understanding of the decision to participate, through a theoretical framework which is rarely applied in this field.