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- Multi-criteria decision process to identify groundwater potential zones using geospatial tools in the Arghandab river basin, AfghanistanPublication . Farahmand, Asadullah; Hussaini, Mohammad Salem; Jawadi, Hussain Ali; Abrunhosa, Manuel; Thomas, Brian F.This study used remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to assess groundwater potential areas by applying two multi-criteria decision-making analyses tools in the Arghandab river basin. Twelve influencing parameters summarizing basin characteristics were gathered and generated using geospatial RS and GIS tools. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP) were examined to weigh, ranking, and reclassify raster to produce groundwater potential maps. Two multi-criteria decision models were applied to compare results and suitability in the study area. The results of the AHP analysis delineate five groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) classified as very poor (29%), poor (22%), moderate (17%), high (19%), and very high (14%). On the other hand, the results of the ANP analysis classified GWPZs as very poor (25%), poor (9%), moderate (25%), high (30%), and very high (11%). To validate generated GWPZs maps, a total of 270 well locations data were utilized in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. ROC model accuracy in training and validation stages is marginally higher for the ANP model (0.810 and 0.823) as compared to the AHP model (0.749 and 0.742). The groundwater potential map delineated in this study offers a preliminary assessment to scientists, public authorities, and policy makers for sustainable management of groundwater resources in the study area.
- Evaluating groundwater storage variations in Afghanistan using GRACE, GLDAS, and in-situ measurementsPublication . Jawadi, Hussain Ali; Farahmand, Asadullah; Roderick Fensham; Nilanchal PatelGroundwater resources are essential for providing drinking water and irrigation in Afghanistan. However, the rising demand due to population growth and climate change is putting increasing pressure on these resources. Despite this, the lack of organized groundwater monitoring and comprehensive long-term data on groundwater storage fuctuations remains a signifcant challenge. This study aims to address this issue by ofering insights into groundwater storage fuctuations and providing a thorough overview of Afghanistan's groundwater situation. The study aims to delineate and explain the variations in groundwater storage within Afghanistan. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the accuracy of the GRACE model's projected groundwater storage anomalies. By leveraging the GLDAS database, the study also explores several potential factors infuencing changes in groundwater storage. In Kabul, where an in-situ groundwater network and monitoring wells are available for validation, the study confrms the spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater storage. The fndings indicate a signifcant decline in groundwater storage across the region, peaking in February 2005 (exceeding 10 cm) and reaching its lowest point in January 2017 (more than -15 cm). The most afected areas are the Harirud-Murghab, Helmand, and Kabul Basins, with a total change of approximately 116 mm. The northern part of the Helmand River Basin (HRB) remains relatively unafected. Various factors contribute to changes in groundwater storage, including reduced precipitation in the Harirud-Murghab Basin, climate change, and geological conditions. In the Kabul River Basin (KRB), urbanization, population growth, and excessive groundwater extraction play signifcant roles. Additionally, the study suggests a direct correlation between precipitation variability and groundwater storage changes nationwide.