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- Cardiogenic shock: Inotropes and vasopressorsPublication . Amado, José; Gago, Paula; Santos, Walter; Mimoso, Jorge; de Jesus, IlidioCardiogenic shock is characterized by a decrease in myocardial contractility, and presents a high mortality rate. Inotropic and vasopressor agents have been recommended and used for several years in the treatment of patients in shock, but they remain controversial. Despite its beneficial effect on myocardial contractility, the side effects of inotropic therapy (arrhythmias and increased myocardial oxygen consumption) may be associated with increased mortality.The pharmacodynamics of different inotropic agents suggest benefits in specific situations, but these differences have not been reflected in reduced mortality in most studies, making it difficult to formulate recommendations.This review integrates data from different studies on the use of inotropes and vasopressors in patients with cardiogenic shock, proposing a therapeutic scheme for the pharmacological treatment of patients in cardiogenic shock according to the patient's hemodynamic profile. (C) 2016 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
- Coronary arteries anomalous aortic origin on a computed tomography angiography population: prevalence, characteristics and clinical impactPublication . Amado, José; Carvalho, Mónica; Ferreira, Wilson; Gago, Paula; Gama, Vasco; Bettencourt, NunoAnomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries (AAOCA) is one of the most frequent causes of cardiovascular sudden death among the young population. We aimed to determine the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of AAOCA in a population referred to computed tomography angiography (CTA) and to describe the clinical prognosis of these findings at middle term follow-up. From a total of 3539 CTA, 53 were found to have AAOCA. This population was compared to an age and gender matched control group (n = 106) from the same CTA list. A telephone follow-up to determine cardiac events was conducted, with a mean follow-up of 45.9 +/- 28.2 months. Prevalence of AAOCA was 1.5 %. The most common AAOCA was an origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) from the left coronary sinus, followed by an origin of the left circumflex artery (LCX) arising from the right coronary sinus. All patients with an anomalous origin of the RCA had an interarterial course. Four additional patients were found to have an interarterial course: 1 with an anomalous origin of LCX and 3 with an anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery (LMCA). At follow-up there were 33 (21.2 %) cardiac events, 9 (17.6 %) on the AAOCA group and 24 (22.9 %) on the control group (p = 0.46). Cardiac events and cardiovascular deaths were not related to any particular AAOCA or to interarterial courses. Among an adult population referred to CTA, AAOCA were not related with worse middle term prognosis when compared to an age- and gender- matched population.
- Congenital left ventricular apical aneurysm presenting as ventricular tachycardiaPublication . Amado, José; Marques, Nuno; Candeias, Rui; Gago, Paula; de Jesus, IlidioThe authors present the case of a 34-year-old male patient seen in our department due to palpitations. On the electrocardiogram monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) was documented, treated successfully with amiodarone. The subsequent study revealed a normal echocardiogram and an apical aneurysm of the left ventricle on magnetic resonance imaging, confirmed by computed tomography coronary angiography that also excluded coronary disease.He underwent an electrophysiological study to determine the origin of the VT and to perform catheter ablation using electroanatomical mapping. VT was induced and radiofrequency applications were performed in the left ventricular aneurysm area. VT was no longer inducible, with acute success. Despite this it was decided to implant a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Eight months after the ablation the patient was admitted again due to VT, treated by the ICD. (C) 2016 Sociedade Portuguese de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.