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Projeto de investigação
The origins and evolution of Human Cognition and the impact of Southwestern European coastal ecology
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SPIN enables high throughput species identification of archaeological bone by proteomics
Publication . Rüther, Patrick Leopold; Husic, Immanuel Mirnes; Bangsgaard, Pernille; Gregersen, Kristian Murphy; Pantmann, Pernille; Carvalho, Milena; Godinho, Ricardo Miguel; Friedl, Lukas; Cascalheira, João; Taurozzi, Alberto John; Jørkov, Marie Louise Schjellerup; Benedetti, Michael; Haws, Jonathan; Bicho, Nuno; Welker, Frido; Cappellini, Enrico; Olsen, Jesper Velgaard
Species determination based on genetic evidence is an indispensable tool in archaeology,
forensics, ecology, and food authentication. Most available analytical approaches involve
compromises with regard to the number of detectable species, high cost due to low
throughput, or a labor-intensive manual process. Here, we introduce “Species by Proteome
INvestigation” (SPIN), a shotgun proteomics workflow for analyzing archaeological bone
capable of querying over 150 mammalian species by liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rapid peptide chromatography and data-independent acquisition
(DIA) with throughput of 200 samples per day reduce expensive MS time, whereas
streamlined sample preparation and automated data interpretation save labor costs. We
confirm the successful classification of known reference bones, including domestic species
and great apes, beyond the taxonomic resolution of the conventional peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF)-based Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) method. In a blinded
study of degraded Iron-Age material from Scandinavia, SPIN produces reproducible results
between replicates, which are consistent with morphological analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the high throughput capabilities of the method in a high-degradation context by
analyzing more than two hundred Middle and Upper Palaeolithic bones from Southern European sites with late Neanderthal occupation. While this initial study is focused on modern
and archaeological mammalian bone, SPIN will be open and expandable to other biological
tissues and taxa.
Pleistocene hunter-gatherer coastal adaptations in Atlantic Iberia
Publication . Bicho, Nuno; Esteves, Eduardo
Coastal prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Atlantic Iberia were particularly important to understanding Paleolithic human innovation and resilience. This study will focus on Middle and Upper Paleolithic adaptations to the Iberian Atlantic border. Elements such as intensity and diversity of marine foods, site location, distance to shore, submerged platform, and bathymetry are discussed for the region between Gibraltar and the Gulf of Biscay.
Post-LGM environments and foragers on the move: New data from the lower Altmühl Valley (Franconian Jura, SE Germany)
Publication . Barbieri, Alvise; Maier, Andreas; Lauer, Tobias; Mischka, Carsten; Hattermann, Merlin; Uthmeier, Thorsten
After the Last Glacial Maximum, the Swabian and Franconian Jura (in SW and SE Germany, respectively) were repopulated by Magdalenian hunter-gatherers within the same communication network. However, while the Magdalenian settlement of the Swabian Jura dates to 17-14 ka cal BP, permanent Magdalenian occupations in the Franconian Jura date to 15-14 ka cal BP. In comparison with its western counterpart, the Franconian Jura was mostly excavated in the early days of archaeological research. Does this different chronology reflect the different history of research? Why did Magdalenian foragers establish permanent occupation in the Franconian Jura nearly 2 millennia after settling in Swabia, despite the fact these regions are only 150 km apart? To address these questions, we reinvestigated two sites in the Altmithl Valley with micromorphology and luminescence dating, namely Felsenhausl-Kellerhohle and Klausennische. Our data show that both sites have intact Pleistocene deposits. Among these, we identified sediments dating between 17 and 15 ka that show only rare lithic artifacts and microfeatures indicative of cold and arid conditions. Our work and published data suggest that the steady settlement of Magdalenian foragers in the Altmithl Valley starting 15 ka cal BP coincides with the end of this harsh period and the onset of cool and wetter environments. Data from the Swabian Jura demonstrated that in the Lone Valley, similar environments and Magdalenian occupations commenced earlier, starting 17 ka cal BR. Therefore, we propose that regional environments acted as a barrier against the dispersal of foragers in the Franconian Jura and determined its later Magdalenian occupation. Our research highlighted that different environments, taphonomic processes, and site uses probably coexisted across the German Jura. Therefore, it remains fundamental to expand the multisite data set proposed in this article to further test hypotheses about human/environment interaction in this region. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Early evidence of earthquake management through mobility and social network adjustments at Vale Boi (SW Iberia)
Publication . Barbieri, Alvise; Sánchez-Martínez, Javier; Belmiro, Joana; Fernandes, Paulo; Galfi, Jovan; Horta, Pedro; Cascalheira, João; Bicho, Nuno
Tectonic processes profoundly influenced the dispersal, evolution, and archaeological record of our Paleolithic ancestors. However, in-depth reconstructions of human resilience against seismic events come mostly from contexts dating to the last 13,000 years. Here, we present geophysical, geological, geochronological, and archaeological data from the openair site of Vale Boy in southwestern Iberia, revealing how foragers mitigated earthquake impacts between ~30,000 and 24,000 years ago. At Vale Boi, faulting formed sedimentary traps that were recurrently exploited by hunter-gatherers and periodically buried by rockfalls, likely triggered by ≥5.7 Mw earthquakes. Despite seismic destruction, hunter-gatherers repeatedly returned to the site, drawn by its strategic access to key resources. They mitigated seismic risks by increasing their mobility and even abandoning Vale Boi, as seen during the Gravettian and at the early/late Proto-Solutrean transition. When seismic and climatic stressors co-occurred (Heinrich Event 2), they did not abandon the site. Instead, they adopted strategies to limit their exposure to rockfall hazard while securing access to increasingly vital coastal and estuarine resources. Until the early Proto-Solutrean, tightly knit social networks supported the survival of Vale Boi foragers during periods of high stress, such as the aftermath of seismic rockfalls. During the late Proto-Solutrean, an expansion of super-regional connections might have functioned as a proactive buffer against future tectonic shocks. Our findings demonstrate that forager resilience to seismic events relied on flexible adjustments in mobility and social connectivity. Despite limitations deriving from its single-site focus, this study underscores the value of deep archaeological sequences for disentangling human responses to intertwined geological and ecological pressures.
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Programa de financiamento
9471 - RIDTI
Número da atribuição
PTDC/HAR-ARQ/27833/2017