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Research Project
Comprehensive Health Research Center - Research, Education, Training and Innovation in Clinical research and Public Health
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Publications
Comparative complete scheme and booster effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants: A case–case study based on electronic health records
Publication . Kislaya, Irina; Peralta‐Santos, André; Borges, Vítor; Vieira, Luís; Sousa, Carlos; Ferreira, Bibiana; Pelerito, Ana; Gomes, João Paulo; Leite, Pedro Pinto; Nunes, Baltazar; Machado, Ausenda; Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Peixoto, Vasco Ricoca; Casaca, Pedro; Fernandes, Eugenia; Rodrigues, Eduardo; Ferreira, Rita; Isidro, Joana; Pinto, Miguel; Duarte, Sílvia; Santos, Daniela; Meneses, Luís; Almeida, José Pedro; Matias, Ana; Freire, Samanta; Grilo, Teresa
Background: Information on vaccine effectiveness in a context of novel variants of
concern (VOC) emergence is of key importance to inform public health policies. This
study aimed to estimate a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between
Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2 and sub-lineages) VOC according to vaccination
exposure (primary or booster).
Methods: We developed a case–case study using data on RT-PCR SARS-CoV2-positive cases notified in Portugal during Weeks 49–51, 2021. To obtain measure
of comparative vaccine effectiveness, we compared the odds of vaccination in Omicron cases versus Delta using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region,
week of diagnosis, and laboratory of origin.
Results: Higher odds of vaccination were observed in cases infected by Omicron
VOC compared with Delta VOC cases for both complete primary vaccination (odds
ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8 to 2.4) and booster dose
(OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.1 to 8.8), equivalent to reduction of vaccine effectiveness from 44.7% and 92.8%, observed against infection with Delta, to 6.0% (95% CI: 29.2%
to 12.7%) and 62.7% (95% CI: 35.7% to 77.9%), observed against infection with
Omicron, for complete primary vaccination and booster dose, respectively.
Conclusion: Consistent reduction in vaccine-induced protection against infection
with Omicron was observed. Complete primary vaccination may not be protective
against SARS-CoV-2 infection in regions where Omicron variant is dominant.
A systematic review of reviews on the psychometric properties of measures of older persons’ ability to build and maintain social relationships
Publication . Julião, Pedro Lobo; Fernandes, Óscar Brito; Alves, Janice P; Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran; Mikton, Christopher; Diaz, Theresa; Pais, Sandra
Background Within the scope of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) world report on ageing and health and how healthy ageing was conceptualised, the WHO has been working with academia towards producing reviews of the psychometric properties of instruments that measure different domains of functional ability. This study aimed to conduct a review of reviews to examine existing and validated instruments measuring the ability of older persons to build and maintain social relationships and to evaluate the psychometric properties of these instruments.Methods We searched for studies published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. No restrictions were placed on the year of publication. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Psyinfo and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Titles and abstracts were screened and selected articles were screened and reviewed independently by two reviewers.Results A total of 3,879 records were retrieved, of which 39 records were retrieved for full-text analysis. None of the reviews met the inclusion criteria, thus resulting in an empty review.Conclusions Considering the current definition of older persons' functional ability to build and maintain social relationships, this review did not identify instruments that can measure both constructs simultaneously. We suggest the development of an instrument that simultaneously assesses the ability of older persons to build and maintain relationships.
Safety measures and risk analysis for outdoor recreation technicians and practitioners: a systematic review
Publication . Mata, Carlos; Pereira, Catarina; Carvalhinho, Luís
There is no expectation to suppress all accidents in the outdoor recreation sector; nevertheless, it is expected that all possible safety measures are taken in order to minimize the risk of accidents. The objective of this study was to systematize the knowledge regarding recommended and used safety measures and risk assessments for technicians and outdoor recreation practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Science Direct, ABI/INFORM, Spinger, Web of Knowledge, and Esmerald full text databases, up to February 2021. The eligible criteria followed the PICOS strategy; the included risk assessment studies on outdoor recreation (according to its definition) had methodological quality, were indexed, and peer reviewed. Ten studies, from ten countries, fulfilled these specifications, which focused on different approaches. Five studies focused on risk perception, four studies focused on safety practices, injuries, and risk assessment; three studies addressed safe behaviors; two studies addressed equipment- and risk matrix-related themes. We concluded that there was a concern for this topic, and the 28 mentioned measures could provide important information regarding health and prevention. These measures could be used to develop safety strategies and risk reduction, aimed at reducing accidents in outdoor recreation activities. In order to evaluate the pertinence and importance of the mentioned measures, namely risk perception, safe practices, sport injuries, risk analysis, safe behaviors, as well as equipment and risk assessment matrices, further investigation is needed using experimental or observational designs. These strategies and procedures can contribute to enhanced interventions by technicians with higher security and quality, and therefore, improved well-being and satisfaction of practitioners.
Corrigendum: Evidence for a genetic contribution to the ossification of spinal ligaments in ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a narrative review
Publication . Couto, Ana Rita; Parreira, Bruna; Power, Deborah Mary; Pinheiro, Luís; Dias, João Madruga; Novofastovski, Irina; Eshed, Iris; Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo; Pappone, Nicola; Atzeni, Fabiola; Verlaan, Jorrit-Jan; Kuperus, Jonneke; Bieber, Amir; Ambrosino, Pasquale; Kiefer, David; Khan, Muhammad Asim; Mader, Reuven; Baraliakos, Xenofon; Bruges-Armas, Jácome
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Funders
Funding agency
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Funding programme
6817 - DCRRNI ID
Funding Award Number
UIDP/04923/2020