Trophoblast attachment to the endometrial epithelium elicits compartment-specific transcriptional waves in an in-vitro model

Vergaro, Paula; Tiscornia, Gustavo; Zambelli, Filippo; Rodríguez, Amelia; Santaló, Josep; Vassena, Rita

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/16949

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Implantation is a major bottleneck in human reproduction (Polanski et al., 2014). The average implantation rate for an embryo ranges from 30% to 40% (Coughlan et al., 2014). Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is estimated to occur in approximately 4% of IVF cycles (Koot et al., 2012), although estimates vary because there are several somewhat different definitions of RIF in the literature. Implantation of the blastocyst in the receptive endometrium is a sequential process involving apposition, attachment and invasion that precedes the establishment of pregnancy (Wang and Dey, 2006). Successful implantation requires embryo competence and endometrial receptivity, both of which are dynamic and highly regulated states (Wang and Dey, 2006). In addition to genetic disorders (which are a major cause of implantation failure and miscarriage), embryo competence, quality and ultimately developmental potential depend on the embryo achieving the correct regulatory, signalling and metabolic states (Fu et al., 2009; Hourvitz et al., 2006; Lundin et al., 2001; Simon and Laufer, 2012; Sjoblom et al., 2006). A key determinant of these embryonic states is their underlying transcriptional dynamics; for instance, waves of embryonic transcriptional activation direct early development and the symmetry breaking needed for cell fate specification (Shi et al., 2015; Vassena et al., 2011).