Browsing by Author "Antoniou, Georgios"
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- Angiogenesis and apatinib: a new hope for patients with advanced gastric cancer?Publication . De Mello, Ramon Andrade; de Oliveira, Jailson; Antoniou, Georgios
- Immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer lacking driver mutations and future perspectivesPublication . De Mello, Ramon Andrade Bezerra; Voscaboinik, Rafael; Luciano, João Vittor Pires; Cremonese, Rafaela Vilela; Amaral, Giovanna Araujo; Castelo-Branco, Pedro; Antoniou, GeorgiosFrom a complete literature review, we were able to present in this paper what is most current in the treatment with immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Especially the use of immunotherapy, particularly inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), PDL-1 (programmed cell death protein ligand 1), and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4). Since 2015, these drugs have transformed the treatment of advanced NSCLC lacking driver mutations, evolving from second-line therapy to first-line, with excellent results. The arrival of new checkpoint inhibitors such as cemiplimab and the use of checkpoint inhibitors earlier in the therapy of advanced and metastatic cancers has been making the future prospects for treating NSCLC lacking driver mutations more favorable and optimistic. In addition, for those patients who have low PDL-1 positivity tumors, the combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy, VEGF inhibitor, and immunotherapy have shown an important improvement in global survival and progression free survival regardless the PDL-1 status. We also explored the effectiveness of adding radiotherapy to immunotherapy and the most current results about this combination. One concern that cannot be overlooked is the safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and the most common toxicities are described throughout this paper as well as tumor resistance to ICI.
- Potential role of immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancerPublication . De Mello, Ramon Andrade; Veloso, Ana Flavia; Catarina, Paulo Esrom; Nadine, Sara; Antoniou, GeorgiosImmuno checkpoint inhibitors have ushered in a new era with respect to the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Many patients are not suitable for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib) or with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (eg, crizotinib and ceritinib). As a result, anti-PD- 1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors may play a novel role in the improvement of outcomes in a metastatic setting. The regulation of immune surveillance, immunoediting, and immunoescape mechanisms may play an interesting role in this regard either alone or in combination with current drugs. Here, we discuss advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer as well as future perspectives within this framework.