Browsing by Author "Cragg, Simon"
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- Anthropogenic, direct pressures on coastal wetlandsPublication . Newton, Alice; Icely, John; Cristina, Sónia; Perillo, Gerardo M. E.; Turner, R. Eugene; Ashan, Dewan; Cragg, Simon; Luo, Yongming; Tu, Chen; Li, Yuan; Zhang, Haibo; Ramesh, Ramachandran; Forbes, Donald L.; Solidoro, Cosimo; Béjaoui, Béchir; Gao, Shu; Pastres, Roberto; Kelsey, Heath; Taillie, Dylan; Nhan, Nguyen; Brito, Ana C.; de Lima, Ricardo; Kuenzer, ClaudiaCoastal wetlands, such as saltmarshes and mangroves that fringe transitional waters, deliver important ecosystem services that support human development. Coastal wetlands are complex social-ecological systems that occur at all latitudes, from polar regions to the tropics. This overview covers wetlands in five continents. The wetlands are of varying size, catchment size, human population and stages of economic development. Economic sectors and activities in and around the coastal wetlands and their catchments exert multiple, direct pressures.
- DIVERSet JAG compounds inhibit topoisomerase II and are effective against adult and pediatric high-grade gliomasPublication . Howarth, Alison; Simms, Claire; Kerai, Nitesh; Allen, Olivia; Mihajluk, Karina; Madureira, Patricia; Sokratous, Giannis; Cragg, Simon; Lee, Sang Y.; Morley, Andy D.; Ashkan, Keyoumars; Cox, Paul A.; Pilkington, Geoffrey J.; Hill, RichardHigh-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive primary brain tumors with local invasive growth and poor clinical prognosis in both adult and pediatric patients. Clinical response is compounded by resistance to standard frontline antineoplastic agents, an absence of novel therapeutics, and poor in vitro models to evaluate these. We screened a range of recently identified anticancer compounds in conventional adult, pediatric, and new biopsy-derived HGG models. These in vitro lines showed a range of sensitivity to standard chemotherapeutics, with varying expression levels of the prognostic markers hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) 1α and p53. Our evaluation of lead DIVERSet library compounds identified that JAG-6A, a compound that was significantly more potent than temozolomide or etoposide, was effective against HGG models in two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems; mediated this response by the potent inhibition of topoisomerase Iiα; remained effective under normoxic and hypoxic conditions; and displayed limited toxicity to non-neoplastic astrocytes. These data suggest that JAG-6A could be an alternative topoisomerase IIα inhibitor and used for the treatment of HGG.
- Impact on non-target organisms of anti-marine wood-borer treatmentsPublication . Nicolaidou, Artemis; Franco, Maria João; Goulletquer, Philippe; Nilsson, Thomas; Eaton, R.; Gouletquer, Pierre; Crag, S.; Bebianno, Maria; Nilson, T.; Cragg, SimonTreatment of wood with a mixture of copper, chrome and arsenic salts (CCA) is used to prevent the settlement of woodboring invertebrates. The efficacy of treatment is due to toxicity to the borers, so there is concern that preservatives may have undesirable impacts on non-target biota. This study aims to provide and assess the environmental risk posed by the use of treated wood in coastal installations. CCA-treated wood samples have been prepared to target retentions of 12, 24 and 48 kg CCA/m3 of timber. Racks of plasticiser-free plastic have been prepared on each of which are randomly arranged two replicates of each target retention plus two untreated controls. Rates of leaching of CCA components from these samples are being measured at marine sites in West Sweden, the South Coast of the UK, the West Coast of fRance, southern Portugal and Athens.