Browsing by Author "Gonzaga, Loveille Jun Amarille"
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- Isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from the bryozoan Cryptosula zavjalovensis from Hokkaido, JapanPublication . Gonzaga, Loveille Jun Amarille; Cavaco, Isabel; Fortunato, HelenaThe marine environment is an abundant and diverse source of biologically active compounds, which have great potential in pharmaceutics and medicine. Bryozoans are sessile colonial animals which are common and diverse in shallow waters. Despite their potential for novel biologically active secondary metabolites, there have been very few studies on bryozoans. This work will describe the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from the marine bryozoan Cryptosula zavjalovensis, which belongs to one of the least studied genera of marine bryozoans. Samples were collected at the Akkeshi Marine Station, Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan and were extracted using ethanol. The ethanol extract was evaporated to dryness, dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted with water to obtain an organic and an aqueous fraction. Preliminary toxicity profiling revealed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited cytotoxicity toward human MCF7 breast cancer cells. The ethyl acetate extract was separated into three fractions by solid phase extraction using a gradient of methanol and water: E1 80:20 v/v, E2 100:0 v/v, and; E3 methanol and chloroform 50:50 v/v. Toxicity profiling of these extracts revealed E2 and E3 exhibiting toxicity toward human MCF7 breast cancer cells. The secondary metabolites were isolated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and structures were determined by tandem mass spectrometry.