Browsing by Author "Gori, Andrea"
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- Changes of energy fluxes in marine animal forests of the Anthropocene: factors shaping the future seascapePublication . Rossi, Sergio; Isla, Enrique; Bosch-Belmar, Mar; Galli, Giovanni; Gori, Andrea; Gristina, Michele; Ingrosso, Gianmarco; Milisenda, Giacomo; Piraino, Stefano; Rizzo, Lucia; Schubert, Nadine; Soares, Marcelo; Solidoro, Cosimo; Thurstan, Ruth H; Viladrich, Núria; Willis, Trevor J; Ziveri, PatriziaClimate change is already transforming the seascapes of our oceans by changing the energy availability and the metabolic rates of the organisms. Among the ecosystem-engineering species that structure the seascape, marine animal forests (MAFs) are the most widespread. These habitats, mainly composed of suspension feeding organisms, provide structural complexity to the sea floor, analogous to terrestrial forests. Because primary and secondary productivity is responding to different impacts, in particular to the rapid ongoing environmental changes driven by climate change, this paper presents some directions about what could happen to different MAFs depending on these fast changes. Climate change could modify the resistance or resilience of MAFs, potentially making them more sensitive to impacts from anthropic activities (i.e. fisheries and coastal management), and vice versa, direct impacts may amplify climate change constraints in MAFs. Such changes will have knock-on effects on the energy budgets of active and passive suspension feeding organisms, as well as on their phenology, larval nutritional condition, and population viability. How the future seascape will be shaped by the new energy fluxes is a crucial question that has to be urgently addressed to mitigate and adapt to the diverse impacts on natural systems.
- Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate changePublication . Denis, Vianney; Ferrier‐Pagès, Christine; Schubert, Nadine; Coppari, Martina; Baker, David M.; Camp, Emma F.; Gori, Andrea; Grottoli, Andréa G.; Houlbrèque, Fanny; Maier, Sandra R.; Mancinelli, Giorgio; Martinez, Stephane; Yalçın Özdilek, Şükran; Radice, Veronica Z.; Ribes, Marta; Richter, Claudio; Viladrich, Nuria; Rossi, SergioMarine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three-dimensional structures formed by suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in the world's oceans. However, MAFs are in decline due to global and local stressors that threaten the survival and growth of their foundational species and associated biodiversity. Innovative and scalable interventions are needed to address the degradation of MAFs and increase their resilience under global change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions and heterotrophic feeding of MAF suspension feeders as an integral component of MAF conservation. Yet, trophic interactions are important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within the food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and MAF stability. This comprehensive review describes trophic interactions at all levels of ecological organisation in tropical, temperate, and cold-water MAFs. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of available tools for estimating the heterotrophic capacities of the foundational species in MAFs. It then discusses the threats that climate change poses to heterotrophic processes. Finally, it presents strategies for improving trophic interactions and heterotrophy, which can help to maintain the health and resilience of MAFs.