Browsing by Author "Grall, Jacques"
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- A common terminology to unify research and conservation of coralline algae and the habitats they createPublication . Jardim, Victor L.; Grall, Jacques; Barros‐Barreto, M. Beatriz; Bizien, Anaëlle; Benoit, Thomas; Braga, Juan C.; Brodie, Juliet; Burel, Thomas; Cabrito, Andrea; Diaz‐Pulido, Guillermo; Gagnon, Patrick; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.; Helias, Mathieu; Horta, Paulo Antunes; Joshi, Siddhi; Kamenos, Nick A.; Kolzenburg, Regina; Krieger, Erik C.; Legrand, Erwann; Page, Tessa M.; Peña, Viviana; Ragazzola, Federica; Rasmusson, Lina M.; Rendina, Francesco; Schubert, Nadine; Silva, João; Tâmega, Frederico T. S.; Tauran, Adeline; Burdett, Heidi L.Linguistic uncertainty is a prime source of uncertainty pervading ecology and conservation. Coralline algae are a widespread and diverse group of calcifying red macroalgae that underpin coastal ecosystem function and service provision. Recent increasing interest in coralline algae in the scientific literature has revealed a diverse but confusing terminology at organism to habitat scales. Coralline algal research and conservation are international and multidisciplinary, so there are geographic and disciplinary imbalances in research and conservation efforts. To reach consensus and reduce uncertainty, we propose a unified terminology. We review trends in cultural and scientific use of coralline algal terms and propose a system based on six morphologies: (1) attached, (2) free-living geniculate, (3) encrusting and free-living nongeniculate coralline algae, the latter either being (4) nucleated or (5) non-nucleated thalli or (6) fragments. We take inspiration from other coastal systems that have achieved consensus through umbrella terms, such as 'coral' and 'kelp', to accelerate global progress in coralline algal research and conservation. We characterise 14 coralline algae-dominated habitat global types, falling within seven functional groups, four biomes and four realms: (1) freshwater coralline streams; (2) coralline tide pools; (3) intertidal coralline rims and (4) turf; (5) coralline sea caves; (6) coral-algal reefs; (7) algal ridges; (8) coralligenous reefs; subtidal (9) carbonate crusts, (10) coralline barrens and (11) turf; and (12) articulith, (13) maerl and (14) rhodolith beds, which fall into the coralline algal bed functional group. We hope this unified terminology promotes data comparison, enables cross-boundary and cross-sector sharing of best practices, develops capacity for meta-analyses and improves conservation strategies.
- Effect of Depth across a Latitudinal Gradient in the Structure of Rhodolith Seabeds and Associated Biota across the Eastern Atlantic OceanPublication . Pérez-Peris, Inés; Navarro-Mayoral, Sandra; de Esteban, Marcial Cosme; Tuya, Fernando; Peña, Viviana; Barbara, Ignacio; Neves, Pedro; Ribeiro, Cláudia; Abreu, Antonio; Grall, Jacques; Espino, Fernando; Bosch, Nestor Echedey; Haroun, Ricardo; Otero-Ferrer, FranciscoRhodolith seabeds are 'ecosystem engineers' composed of free-living calcareous red macroalgae, which create extensive marine habitats. This study addressed how depth influenced the structure (size and morphology) of rhodoliths and the abundance of associated floral and faunal epibionts across the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Sampling was carried out at two sites within five regions (Brittany, Galicia, Madeira, Gran Canaria, and Principe Island), from temperate to tropical, covering a latitudinal gradient of 47 degrees, in three depth strata (shallow, intermediate and deep), according to the rhodolith bathymetrical range in each region. Depth typically affected the rhodolith size at all regions; the largest nodules were found in the intermediate and deep strata, while rhodolith sphericity was larger at the shallow depth strata. Higher biomasses of attached macroalgae (epiphytes) were observed at depths where rhodoliths were larger. The abundance of epifauna was variable across regions and depth strata. In general, the occurrence, structure, and abundance of the associated biota across rhodolith habitats were affected by depth, with local variability (i.e., sites within regions) often displaying a more significant influence than the regional (large-scale) variation. Overall, this study showed that the rhodolith morphology and associated epibionts (flora and fauna) were mostly affected by depth, irrespective of latitude.
- Positive species interactions structure rhodolith bed communities at a global scalePublication . Bulleri, Fabio; Schubert, Nadine; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.; Basso, Daniela; Burdett, Heidi L.; Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B.; Grall, Jacques; Horta, Paulo A.; Kamenos, Nicholas A.; Martin, Sophie; Nannini, Matteo; Neves, Pedro António Nobre Soares Pinto das; Olivé, Irene; Peña, Viviana; Ragazzola, Federica; Ribeiro, Cláudia; Rinde, Eli; Sissini, Marina; Tuya, Fernando; Silva, JoãoRhodolith beds are diverse and globally distributed habitats. Nonetheless, the role of rhodoliths in structuring the associated species community through a hierarchy of positive interactions is yet to be recognised. In this review, we provide evidence that rhodoliths can function as foundation species of multi-level facilitation cascades and, hence, are fundamental for the persistence of hierarchically structured communities within coastal oceans. Rhodoliths generate facilitation cascades by buffering physical stress, reducing consumer pressure and enhancing resource availability. Due to large variations in their shape, size and density, a single rhodolith bed can support multiple taxonomically distant and architecturally distinct habitat-forming species, such as primary producers, sponges or bivalves, thus encompassing a broad range of functional traits and providing a wealth of secondary microhabitat and food resources. In addition, rhodoliths are often mobile, and thus can redistribute associated species, potentially expanding the distribution of species with short-distance dispersal abilities. Key knowledge gaps we have identified include: the experimental assessment of the role of rhodoliths as basal facilitators; the length and temporal stability of facilitation cascades; variations in species interactions within cascades across environmental gradients; and the role of rhodolith beds as climate refugia. Addressing these research priorities will allow the development of evidence-based policy decisions and elevate rhodolith beds within marine conservation strategies.