Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-09-19"
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- Positive species interactions structure rhodolith bed communities at a global scalePublication . Bulleri, Fabio; Schubert, Nadine; Hall‐Spencer, Jason M.; Basso, Daniela; Burdett, Heidi L.; Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B.; Grall, Jacques; Horta, Paulo A.; Kamenos, Nicholas A.; Martin, Sophie; Nannini, Matteo; Neves, Pedro António Nobre Soares Pinto das; Olivé, Irene; Peña, Viviana; Ragazzola, Federica; Ribeiro, Cláudia; Rinde, Eli; Sissini, Marina; Tuya, Fernando; Silva, JoãoRhodolith beds are diverse and globally distributed habitats. Nonetheless, the role of rhodoliths in structuring the associated species community through a hierarchy of positive interactions is yet to be recognised. In this review, we provide evidence that rhodoliths can function as foundation species of multi-level facilitation cascades and, hence, are fundamental for the persistence of hierarchically structured communities within coastal oceans. Rhodoliths generate facilitation cascades by buffering physical stress, reducing consumer pressure and enhancing resource availability. Due to large variations in their shape, size and density, a single rhodolith bed can support multiple taxonomically distant and architecturally distinct habitat-forming species, such as primary producers, sponges or bivalves, thus encompassing a broad range of functional traits and providing a wealth of secondary microhabitat and food resources. In addition, rhodoliths are often mobile, and thus can redistribute associated species, potentially expanding the distribution of species with short-distance dispersal abilities. Key knowledge gaps we have identified include: the experimental assessment of the role of rhodoliths as basal facilitators; the length and temporal stability of facilitation cascades; variations in species interactions within cascades across environmental gradients; and the role of rhodolith beds as climate refugia. Addressing these research priorities will allow the development of evidence-based policy decisions and elevate rhodolith beds within marine conservation strategies.
- The replacement of what? artificial intelligence, creativity and (more-than-)humannessPublication . Fernandes, AdalbertoThe ongoing discourse regarding the potential substitution of human creativity by Artificial Intelligence (AI) raises questions about the essence of human nature. If the essence of humanity lies in creativity, and if AI can replicate this trait, it appears that creativity alone does not define what it means to be human. Rather than perceiving this as an 'anthropological loss' to be accepted or fought against, it can be viewed as an occasion to contemplate the human from a more-than-human perspective. By considering this perspective, it becomes evident that the definition of humanity has been a matter of dispute long preceding the recent advancements in AI. A theoretical approach to the relationship between AI, creativity and more-than-humanness is proposed as a way to show the possibilities that philosophy brings to counteract pessimistic approaches to the replaceability of the human by AI. By challenging the notion that humans are the sole proprietors of creativity, one can explore alternative forms of creativity beyond the human realm and consider how humans can facilitate their emergence.
- Assessing roles and strategies of public sector stakeholders in an evolving (lifestyle) migration industry: the case of the Dutch Emigration ExpoPublication . Eimermann, Marco; Hochedez, Camille; Kordel, Stefan; Morén-Alegret, Ricard; Nijhoff, Karijn; Tomozeiu, Daniel; Torkington, Kate; Weidinger, TobiasThis study focuses on local and regional governments using place-branding strategies to attract intra-EU inward migration for demographic and/or economic purposes. This forms an important aspect of contemporary migration industries, whereby the interlinking of lifestyle, work and economic investment is pivotal. Taking the case of the Emigration Expo event in the Netherlands, it draws on interviews with the organizer and with public sector exhibitors to assess their purposes, roles and strategies when participating in the event. In addition, this paper examines to what extent public sector agents perceive this Expo as a viable physical event, contributing to a lifestyle migration industry. Findings suggest a shift in public sector strategies from attracting residents to recruiting skilled workers or lifestyle entrepreneurs and businesses. Exhibitors that maintain a recurring presence at the Expo over several years can build meaningful relations with each other and with prospective migrant visitors, providing practical information and integrated 'packages' to promote their destination as an attractive place to work and live. This supports the idea that (e)migration expos remain relevant physical sites of an evolving branch of the migration industry, including public-private partnerships involved in place and relocation branding as part of spatial planning strategies beyond growth.