Percorrer por autor "Guest, David I."
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- Phylogeography of the wide‐host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomiPublication . Shakya, Shankar K.; Grünwald, Niklaus J.; Fieland, Valerie J.; Knaus, Brian J.; Weiland, Jerry E.; Maia, Cristiana; Drenth, André; Guest, David I.; Liew, Edward C.Y.; Crane, Colin; Chang, Tun‐Tschu; Fu, Chuen‐Hsu; Minh Chi, Nguyen; Quang Thu, Pham; Scanu, Bruno; Stowasser, Eugenio Sanfuentes; Durán, Álvaro; Horta Jung, Marilia; Jung, ThomasVarious hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. P. cinnamomi is a devastating, highly invasive soilborne pathogen associated with epidemics of agricultural, horticultural and forest plantations and native ecosystems worldwide. We conducted a phylogeographic analysis of populations of this pathogen sampled in Asia, Australia, Europe, southern and northern Africa, South America, and North America. Based on genotyping-by-sequencing, we observed the highest genotypic diversity in Taiwan and Vietnam, followed by Australia and South Africa. Mating type ratios were in equal proportions in Asia as expected for a sexual population. Simulations based on the index of association suggest a partially sexual, semi-clonal mode of reproduction for the Taiwanese and Vietnamese populations while populations outside of Asia are clonal. Ancestral area reconstruction provides new evidence supporting Taiwan as the ancestral area, given our sample, indicating that this region might be near or at the centre of origin for this pathogen as speculated previously. The Australian and South African populations appear to be a secondary centre of diversity following migration from Taiwan or Vietnam. Our work also identified two panglobal, clonal lineages PcG1-A2 and PcG2-A2 of A2 mating type found on all continents. Further surveys of natural forests across Southeast Asia are needed to definitively locate the actual centre of origin of this important plant pathogen.
- Preserving the biologically coherent generic concept of , "plant destroyer".Publication . Brasier, Clive M.; Grünwald, Niklaus J.; Bourret, Tyler B.; Govers, Francine; Scanu, Bruno; Cooke, David E. L.; Bose, Tanay; Hawksworth, David L.; Abad, Z Gloria; Albarracin, M. Victoria; Alsultan, Wael; Altamirano-Junqueira, Astrid E; Arifin, Arild R.; Arnet, Matthew J.; Aumentado, Herbert Dustin R.; Bakonyi, József; Belisle, Wei H.; Benigno, Alessandra; Bienapfl, John C.; Bilodeau, Guillaume J; Blair, Jaime E.; Botella, Leticia; Brandano, Andrea; Cacciola, Santa Olga; Carbone, Ignazio; Castroagudin, Vanina L.; Chaendaekattu, Narayanan; Consford, Jonathan D.; Corcobado, Tamara; Covey, Paul A.; Daniels, Hazel A.; Deidda, Antonio; Dorrance, Anne E.; Dort, Erika N.; Drenth, André; Drizou, Fryni; Evangelisti, Edouard; Fajardo, Sebastian N.; Fang, Yufeng; Ference, Christopher M.; Frankel, Susan J.; Goss, Erica M.; Guest, David I.; Hardy, Giles E. S. J.; Harris, Anna R. H.; Hawku, Mehari Desta; Heungens, Kurt; Hong, Chuanxue; Horner, Ian J.; Jung, Marília Horta; Iyanda, Olumayowa J.; Jamieson, Brittney-Aidan; Jeffers, Steven N.; Judelson, Howard S.; Junaid, Muhammad; Kalogeropoulou, Eleni; Kamoun, Sophien; Kang, Seogchan; Kasuga, Takao; Kudláček, Tomáš; LeBoldus, Jared; Lee, Christopher A.; Li, DeWei; Llanos, Alejandro K.; Lopez-Nicora, Horacio D.; Machado, Helena; di San Lio, Gaetano Magnano; Maia, Cristiana; Mandal, Kajal; Manosalva, Patricia; Martin, Frank N.; Matson, Michael E H; McDougal, Rebecca L.; McDowell, John M.; Michelmore, Richard W.; Milenković, Ivan; Moricca, Salvatore; Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Reza; Nagy, Zoltán Á.; Nikolaeva, Ekaterina V.; Ortega-López, Paula; Paap, Trudy; Parada-Rojas, Camilo H.; Hand, Francesca Peduto; Pérez-Sierra, Ana; Pettersson, Martin; Prasad, Pramod; Puig, Alina S.; Raco, Milica; Rajput, Nasir A.; Ristaino, Jean B.; Rooney-Latham, Suzanne; Seidl, Michael F.; Shamoun, Simon F.; Solla, Alejandro; Spies, Christoffel F. J.; Sudermann, Martha A.; Swiecki, Tedmund J.; Tian, Miaoying; Tripathy, Sucheta; Uematsu, Seiji; Van Poucke, Kris; Vichou, Aikaterini E.; Walter, Monika; Webber, Joan F.; Williams, Nari M.; Wingfield, Michael J.; Yadav, Dhananjay; Yang, Xiao; Jung, ThomasPhytophthora is a long-established, well-known, and globally important genus of plant pathogens. Phylogenetic evidence has shown that the biologically distinct, obligate biotrophic downy mildews evolved from Phytophthora at least twice. Because, cladistically, this renders Phytophthora “paraphyletic,” it has been proposed that Phytophthora evolutionary clades be split into multiple genera (Crous et al. 2021; Runge et al. 2011; Thines 2023, 2024). In this letter, we review arguments for the retention of the generic name Phytophthora with a broad circumscription made by Brasier et al. (2022) and by many delegates at an open workshop organized by The American Phytopathological Society. We present our well-considered responses to the genus splitting proposals, both in general terms and in terms of the specific proposals for new genera, alongside new information regarding the biological properties and mode of origin of the Phytophthora clades. We consider that the proposals are mostly non-rigorous and not supported by the scientific evidence. Further, given (i) the apparent lack of any distinguishing biological characteristics (synapomorphies) between the Phytophthora clades; (ii) the fundamental monophyly of Phytophthora in the original Haeckelian sense (Haeckel 1877); (iii) the fact that paraphyly is not a justification for taxonomic splitting; and (iv) the considerable likely damage to effective scientific communication and disease management from an unnecessary breakup of the genus, we report that workshop delegates voted unanimously in favor of preserving the current generic concept and for seeking endorsement of this view by a working group of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi.