Browsing by Author "Hillaire-Marcel, C."
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- First isotopic records from stalagmites in Algarve (South Portugal)Publication . Veiga-Pires, C.; Moura, Delminda; Luis, Joaquim; Varela, J.; Ghaleb, Bassam; Hélie, Jean-François; Hillaire-Marcel, C.Os espeleotemas representam registos paleoclimáticos continentais de alta resolução e estão a ser cada vez mais estudos para fins de reconstrução climática de períodos não afectados por acções antropogénicas. Na região do Algarve (Sul de Portugal), a existência de formações carbonatadas do Jurássico e Cretácico permitiu um desenvolvimento de sistemas cársicos onde se encontram actualmente estruturas estalagmíticas. Neste estudo preliminar realizado sobre estas estalagmites da região do Algarve, foram realizadas datações U/Th e análises de isótopos estáveis que demonstram pela primeira vez a possibilidade de obter registos isotópicos continentais representativos do paleoclima do extremo Sudoeste da Península Ibérica.
- A first last glacial maximum stalagmite record from southern PortugalPublication . Veiga-Pires, C.; Ghaleb, Bassam; Hélie, Jean-François; Moura, Delminda; Luis, Joaquim; Hillaire-Marcel, C.A newly launched research program permitted the sampling of speleothem deposits in the Algarve area (Southern Portugal). Unfortunately, this stalagmite yielded very small amounts of U (~ 20 ppb), making the setting of a U-series chronology difficult due to both the relative importance of a detrital contaminating fraction and the lack of precision on overall 230Th measurements. Nevertheless, based on the top and most recent sample, we extracted a first order estimate for the 230Th/232Th ratio of the contaminating fraction and for its 234U/232Th and 238U/232Th ratios as well, assuming a secular equilibrium between 234U and 238U in this fraction.
- A first last glacial maximum to younger dryas stalagmite record from southern PortugalPublication . Veiga-Pires, C.; Ghaleb, Bassam; Hélie, Jean-François; Moura, Delminda; Luis, Joaquim; Hillaire-Marcel, C.A newly launched research program permitted the sampling of speleothem deposit in the Algarve area (Southern Portugal) with the primary objective of constraining the ages of past humid intervals in the area from U-series measurements.
- A glaciological perspective on Heinrich eventsPublication . Clarke, G. K. C.; Marshall, S. J.; Veiga-Pires, C.; Bilodeau, G.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.Heinrich events, the massive episodic disgorgement of sediment-laden ice from the Laurentide Ice Sheet to the North Atlantic Ocean, are a puzzling instability of the Ice-Age climate system. Although there is broad agreement on the defining characteristics of Heinrich events, the glaciological mechanisms remain controversial. Paleoceanographic records show that Heinrich events tend to occur at the culmination of a cooling cycle, termed the Bond cycle, and this has invited the interpretation that the events are a fast response of the Laurentide Ice Sheet to external atmospheric changes. A vexing issue for glaciologists is how a fast and timely response to an external forcing can possibly be reconciled with the known physics of glaciers and ice sheets. Fast changes in glacier behavior can only occur if some flow instability is excited. Thus glaciologists tend to favor the idea that the climate change occurring at the culmination of a Bond cycle is an atmospheric response to ice sheet instability. However, a free-running cyclic flow instability, such as that exhibited by surging glaciers, could not satisfy the timing requirements. Using computer modeling we explore ways to resolve these conflicts.
- Paleomagnetism in speleothems: influence of calcite growth dip on the natural remanent magnetizationPublication . Font, E.; Ponte, J.; Veiga-Pires, C.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.Recent studies recognized speleothems as excellent recorders of the Earth’s magnetic field. However, some questions remain about the origin of the natural remanent magnetization and about the influence of the speleothem shape on the recorded magnetic directions.
- Speleothem shape and natural remanent magnetizationPublication . Ponte, J.; Font, E.; Veiga-Pires, C.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.Speleothems might be of interest for high-resolution reconstruction of the Earth’s magnetic field. However, little is known about the influence of speleothem morphologies on their Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM).
- The effect of speleothem surface slope on the remanent magnetic inclinationPublication . Ponte, J. M.; Font, E.; Veiga-Pires, C.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.; Ghaleb, B.Speleothems are of interest for high-resolution reconstruction of the Earth's magnetic field. However, little is known about the influence of speleothem morphologies on their natural remanent magnetization (NRM) record. Here we report on a high-resolution paleomagnetic study of a dome-shaped speleothem of middle Holocene age from southern Portugal, with special attention to the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (AARM). To assess the potential influence of the slope of the speleothem surface on the recorded remanent magnetization, we compare magnetic directions and AMS and AARM fabrics from subhorizontal to gradually subvertical calcite growth layers collected in a transversal cross section of the speleothem. A linear correlation is observed between magnetic inclinations, calcite laminae slope, and AARM k1 inclination. The AMS fabric is mostly controlled by calcite crystals, with direction of the minimum axes (k3) perpendicular to laminae growth. Magnetic inclinations recorded in inclined and vertical calcite growth layers are underestimated when compared to a global paleosecular variation (PSV) model. After extrapolating magnetic inclinations to the horizontal, the corrected data better fit the PSV model but are still lower than the predicted magnetic inclinations, suggesting that inclination shallowing affects the entire speleothem. We suggest that speleothem morphology exerts a critical role on the magnetic inclination recording, which is controlled by the Earth's magnetic field but also influenced by particle rolling along the sloping surfaces. These observations open new avenues for reconstructing high-resolution paleomagnetic secular variation records from speleothems and provide new insights into their NRM acquisition mechanisms.
- U and Th isotope constraints on the duration of Heinrich events H0-H4 in the southeastern Labrador SeaPublication . C. Veiga-Pires, C.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.The duration and sequence of events recorded in Heinrich layers at sites near the Hudson Strait source area fbr ice-rafted material are still poorly constrained, notably because of the limit and uncertainties of the C-14 chronology. Here we use high-resolution Th-230-excess measurements, in a 6 m sequence raised from Orphan Knoll (southern Labrador Sea), to constrain the duration of the deposition of the five most recent Heinrich (H) layers. On the basis of maximum/minimum estimates for the mean glacial Th-230-excess flux at the studied site a minimum/maximum duration of 1.0/0.6, 1.4/0.8, 1.3/0.8, 1.5/0.9, and 2.1/1.3 kyr is obtained for H0 (similar to Younger Dryas), H1, H2, H3, and H4, respectively. Thorium-230-excess inventories and other sedimentological features indicate a reduced but still significant lateral sedimentary supply by the Western Boundary Undercurrent during the glacial interval. U and Th series systematics also provide insights into source rocks of H layer sediments (i.e., into distal Irminger Basin/local Labrador Sea supplies).
- U and Th isotope constraints on the duration of Heinrich events H0-H4 in the southeastern Labrador SeaPublication . Veiga-Pires, C.; Hillaire-Marcel, C.The duration and sequence of events recorded in Heinrich layers at sites near the Hudson Strait source area for ice-rafted material are still poorly constrained, notably because of the limit and uncertainties of the 14C chronology. Here we use high-resolution 230Th-excess measurements, in a 6 m sequence raised from Orphan Knoll (southern Labrador Sea), to constrain the duration of the deposition of the five most recent Heinrich (H) layers. On the basis of maximum/minimum estimates for the mean glacial 230Th-excess flux at the studied site a minimum/maximum duration of 1.0/0.6, 1.4/0.8, 1.3/0.8, 1.5/0.9, and 2.1/1.3 kyr is obtained for H0 (∼Younger Dryas), Hl, H2, H3, and H4, respectively. Thorium-230-excess inventories and other sedimentological features indicate a reduced but still significant lateral sedimentary supply by the Western Boundary Undercurrent during the glacial interval. U and Th series systematics also provide insights into source rocks of H layer sediments (i.e., into distal Irminger Basin/local Labrador Sea supplies).