Browsing by Author "Lapinski, L."
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- Low temperature matrix-isolation and solid state vibrational spectra of 5-chlorotetrazolePublication . Bugalho, Susana C. S.; Serra, Arménio C.; Lapinski, L.; Cristiano, Maria Lurdes Santos; Fausto, R.The vibrational spectra of 5-chlorotetrazole (CN4HCl) isolated in an argon matrix (T ¼ 8.5 K) and in the solid state (at room temperature) were studied. The infrared spectrum of monomers of 5-chlorotetrazole isolated in an argon matrix agrees well with the spectrum predicted theoretically (DFT(B3LYP)/6-31G*) for the 2Htautomer of the compound. The bands assigned to the 1H-tautomer appear in the experimental spectrum as very low intensity features. Based on the relative intensities of the bands in the spectra of the 1H- and 2Htautomers, the relative amount of the first tautomer in this matrix can be estimated as 1%. Three matrixes were deposited with different nozzle temperatures and the enthalpy difference between the tautomers DH ¼ 8.0 kJ mol 1 was estimated using the Van’t Hoff relation. The internal energy difference between the two tautomers was predicted theoretically (DFT B3LYP/6-31G*) as 12.6 kJ mol 1. This is in reasonable agreement with experimental observations. In the crystalline phase, this compound exists in its 1H-tautomeric form. Accordingly, the IR spectrum of polycrystalline 5-chlorotetrazole is well reproduced by the spectrum predicted theoretically for the 1H- tautomer.
- Photochemical ring-opening and intramolecular hydrogen shift reactions in sulfur analogues of a-pyronePublication . Breda, S.; Reva, I. D.; Lapinski, L.; Cristiano, Maria Lurdes Santos; Frija, L.; Fausto, R.A combined matrix isolation FTIR and theoretical DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) study of the photochemistry of sulfur analogues of R-pyrone [2H-thiopyran-2-one (TP) and 2H-pyran-2-thione (PT)] was carried out. The vibrational spectra of monomers of the compounds isolated in low-temperature argon matrixes were studied experimentally and assigned completely on the basis of theoretical calculations. UV irradiation (ì > 337 nm) of the studied compounds isolated in low-temperature matrixes results mainly in the ring-opening reaction by means of the cleavage of the R-bond. Other photoprocesses, not involving the R-bond-cleavage step (such as generation of Dewar valence isomer), correspond to the minor reaction channels in both studied compounds. The ring-opening photoreaction in PT represents the first reported case of an R-bond cleavage in a compound with a CdS group attached to a six-membered ring, in which the internal strain practically does not exist, whereas the corresponding reaction in TP (a cleavage of a C-S bond in the R position with respect to a carbonyl group) is now reported for the first time. Following the ring-opening reactions, isomerization processes and intramolecular hydrogen shift reactions were observed, enabling production of TP from PT and vice versa. A detailed study of such processes was undertaken, and kinetical and mechanistical data are presented and discussed.
- Vibrational spectra and structure of 1-phenyltetrazole and 5-chloro-1-phenyltetrazolePublication . Bugalho, Susana C. S.; Lapinski, L.; Cristiano, Maria Lurdes Santos; Frija, L.; Fausto, R.Infrared spectra of 1-phenyltetrazole (C7N4H6) and 5-chloro-1-phenyltetrazole (C7N4H5Cl) isolated in argon matrixes (T ¼ 8 K) and in the solid state (at room temperature) were studied. DFT(B3LYP)/6-31G* calculations predict the minimum energy conformation of 1-phenyltetrazole as being non-planar, with the two rings (phenyl and tetrazole) twisted by 298. For 5-chloro-1- phenyltetrazole, the optimized dihedral angle between the two rings is larger (488). The theoretically calculated IR spectra of both compounds fit well the spectra observed experimentally. This allowed a reliable assignment of observed IR absorption bands.