Percorrer por autor "Melo, Linda"
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- The genetic history of Portugal over the past 5,000 years.Publication . Roca-Rada, Xavier; Davidson, Roberta; Williams, Matthew P.; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Carvalho, António Manuel Faustino de; Ravishankar, Shyamsundar; Collen, Evelyn; Haarkötter, Christian; Taufik, Leonard; Cuesta-Aguirre, Daniel R.; Tente, Catarina; Calleja, Álvaro M Monge; MacRoberts, Rebecca Anne; Melo, Linda; Purnomo, Gludhug A.; Souilmi, Yassine; Tobler, Raymond; Cunha, Eugénia; Tereso, Sofia; Matos, Vítor M. J.; Fernandes, Teresa Matos; Maurer, Anne-France; Silva, Ana Maria; Carvalho, Pedro C.; Llamas, Bastien; Teixeira, João C.Recent ancient DNA studies uncovering large-scale demographic events in Iberia have presented very limited data for Portugal, a country located at the westernmost edge of continental Eurasia. Here, we present the most comprehensive collection of Portuguese ancient genome-wide data, from 67 individuals spanning 5000 years of human history, from the Neolithic to the nineteenth century. We identify early admixture between local hunter-gatherers and Anatolian-related farmers in Neolithic Portugal, with a northeastern-southwestern gradient of increasing Magdalenian-associated ancestry persistence in Iberia. This profile continues into the Chalcolithic, though Bell Beaker-associated sites reveal Portugal's first evidence of Steppe-related ancestry. Such ancestry has a broader demographic impact during the Bronze Age, despite continuity of local Chalcolithic genetic ancestry and limited Mediterranean connections. The village of Idanha-a-Velha emerges in the Roman period as a site of significant migration and interaction, presenting a notably diverse genetic profile that includes North African and Eastern Mediterranean ancestries. The Early Medieval period is marked by the arrival of Central European genetic diversity, likely linked to migrations of Germanic tribes, adding to coeval local, African, and Mediterranean influences. The Islamic and Christian Conquest periods show strong genetic continuity in northern Portugal and significant additional African admixture in the south. The latter remains stable during the post-Islamic period, suggesting enduring African influences. We reveal dynamic patterns of migration in line with cultural exchange across millennia, but also the persistence of local ancestries. Our findings integrate genetic information with historical and archeological data, enhancing our understanding of Iberia's biological and cultural heritage.
- O sítio do Monte da Mata Bodes 2 (Beja) - um exemplo de diacronia de um provável "campo de hoyos"Publication . Soares, Rui Monge; Melo, Linda; Valério, Pedro; Soares, António Monge; Valente, Maria João; Carvalho, António FaustinoO sítio do Monte da Mata Bodes 2, situado próximo da cidade de Beja, foi sujeito a uma intervenção arqueológica de emergência devido à construção de uma estrutura integrada na Rede de Rega da Barragem do Alqueva. Foram realizadas cinco sondagens, das quais resultou a identifi cação de seis estruturas negativas: dois covachos de planta aproximadamente rectangular e duas fossas de planta circular (uma estrutura em cada sondagem) e, na sondagem restante, uma fossa de planta e secção quadrangular cortada por outra fossa de morfologia subcircular. Os covachos continham, cada um, uma inumação humana atribuível à 1ª Idade do Ferro, enquanto que as fossas de planta circular forneceram diversa cerâmica com cronologia calcolítica, uma delas, e da Idade do Bronze, a outra. Quanto às duas fossas associadas na mesma sondagem é-lhes atribuível uma idade muito recente, contemporânea, uma vez que se observavam no substracto rochoso as impressões dos dentes da máquina que as produziu. Verifi ca-se, por conseguinte, a existência de uma diacronia longa neste sítio arqueológico, porventura resultante da existência, neste local, de solos férteis e de boas condições de habitabilidade que se terão mantido constantes ao longo dos últimos milénios.
- The use and abuse of cinnabar in Late Neolithic and Copper Age IberiaPublication . Emslie, Steven D.; Silva, Ana Maria; Valera, António Carlos; Vijande Vila, Eduardo; Melo, Linda; Curate, Francisco; Fidalgo, Daniel; Inácio, Nuno; Molina Moreno, María; Cambra‐Moo, Oscar; González Martín, Armando; Barroso‐Bermejo, Rosa; Montero Artús, Raquel; García Sanjuán, LeonardoIn this study, total mercury (THg) was analyzed in archaeological human bone from 23 sites dating to between the Middle Neolithic and the Antiquity. A total of 370 individuals from individual or collective burials was sampled, mostly using cortical bone from the humerus. These individuals were recovered from over 50 different funerary structures ranging from tholoi, pits, caves, and hypogea. Although cinnabar (HgS) is a likely cause of mercury poisoning and toxicity for people exposed to this mineral from mining or use as a paint or pigment, not all sites investigated here had cinnabar associated with the burials or other excavated areas. We found unusual levels of THg in many of the sampled individuals that we assume were caused by exposure to cinnabar in life, and not by diagenetic processes or other exposures to mercury such as through diet, which would only cause negligible accumulation of THg in bone. Our data, based on the largest sampling ever undertaken on contamination of human bone through archaeological evidence, provide a baseline for additional research on cinnabar and its use in Prehistory. Moderate to high levels of THg in human bone are mainly associated with societies dating from the second half of the 4th to late 3rd millennia B.C. (Late Neolithic to Middle Chalcolithic) in southern Iberia. By the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, the use of cinnabar decreased significantly and became minimal or absent. The use and abuse of cinnabar appears to have been pervasive throughout the above-mentioned period and particularly between c. 2900-2300 B.C. This occurred in connection with the high symbolic and probably sacred value of the substance, which was sought after, traded, and extensively used in a variety of rituals and social practices.