Browsing by Author "Monteiro, A."
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- Grape marc and pine bark composts in soilless culturePublication . Reis, Mário; Inácio, H.; Rosa, A.; Caço, J.; Monteiro, A.Grape marc and pine bark were composted in windrows for a period of three months, supplied with 1kg of nitrogen (urea) m-3 . Grape marc compost (GMC) and pine bark compost (PBC) had, respectively, 84.3 and 85.0% v/v total pore space, 10.3 and 1.2 % v/v easily available water, 59% and 32.0% v/v air capacity, 53.0 and 25.9 % v/v total water content. Rockwool (Grodan®) has higher total pore space (96.7% v/v) and total water content (81.8% v/v) but lower air capacity (14.9% v/v). Rockwool, GMC and PBC were compared as plant substrates for growing a greenhouse tomato crop. Plants of tomato 'Sinatra' (Sluis & Groot, Holland) were grown on 15 L rockwool slabs and on 30 L bags of compost, in a heated plastic greenhouse, from December to June. A nutrient solution with the same chemical composition was used for the three substrates, varying the composition according to plant development. The irrigation period was pre-set and the irrigation frequency was controlled by solar radiation. Fruits were collected twice a week, from March to June, weighted and selected. There were no significant differences in yield and fruit quality between substrates. Commercial yield on GMC was 16.6 kg m-2 , on PBC 15.5 kg m-2 and on RW 16.2 kg m-2 . Temperature in composts showed a higher resistance to daily variation. We observed a good root development after the crop, specially in GMC. Positive changes in the physical properties of composts occurred during the growing period, particularly the increase in water content of GMC and in aeration capacity of PBC, indicating a potential re-using the composts, which was lately confirmed by growing a second and third tomato crop, on GMC (open and closed systems1) and on PBC (open system2).
- Grape marc compost as an alternative growing media for greenhouse tomatoPublication . Reis, Mário; Inácio, H.; Rosa, A.; Caço, J.; Monteiro, A.The present work compares grape marc compost (GMC) with rockwool (RW) as a substrate for greenhouse tomato production in open and closed systems. GMC exhibited a high total pore space (84.3 v/v) and air capacity (59.0% v/v) but a low easily available water (1.2% v/v). Most of the total water content (25.9% v/v) of GMC was retained under a tension above 100 cm of water column (23.7% v/v). Rockwool (Grodan) has a higher total pore space (96.7%) and total water retention (81.8%), most of it (77.8%) retained between 10 and 100 cm of water column, but a lower air capacity (14.9%). Tomato 'Sinatra' (Sluis & Groot, Holland) was grown on 15 L rockwool slabs and on 30 L compost bags, in a heated plastic greenhouse, from November to June, in two consecutive years. In the first year (1997/98) tomato production was compared on RW (open and closed systems) and on GMC (open system). No significant differences were observed in commercial yield on RW (15.6 kg m-2 and 16.2 kg m-2, respectively in closed and open system) and on GMC (16.6 kg m-2, open system). In the second year (1998/99) RW and GMC were used on a closed system and tomato yield was compared using new substrates (1st crop) and substrate from the previous year (2nd crop). Commercial yield reached the standard of the region and no significant differences in between RW and GMC, and between 1st crop substrate (new substrate) and 2nd crop substrate (reused substrate). The results show that grape marc compost can be used as a rockwool substitute for greenhouse tomato production in open and in closed systems.
- Mapping of a locus for adult plant resistance to downy mildew in broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. italica)Publication . Farinho, M.; Coelho, P.; Carlier, Jorge; Svetleva, D.; Monteiro, A.; Leitão, J. M.The identification of the gene Pp523, conferring downy mildew resistance to adult plants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. italica), led to the construction of a genetic map that included this resistance locus, 301 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, 55 random amplified polymorphic DNAs, 46 inter-simple sequence repeats, three simple sequence repeats, four other PCR markers and a flower colour locus, all gathered into nine major linkage groups. Nineteen additional molecular markers were clustered into one group of four markers, one group of three markers and six pairs of markers. The map spans over 731.9 cM, corresponding to 89.5% of the 818 cM estimated to be the total genome length. A significant number of the mapped markers, 19.3%, showed distorted segregation. The average distance between mapped adjacent markers is 1.64 cM, which places this map among the densest published to date for this species. Using bulked segregant analysis, we identified a group of molecular markers flanking and closely linked in coupling to the resistance gene and included these in the map. Two markers linked in coupling, OPK17_980 and AT.CTA_133/134, are located at 3.1 cM and 3.6 cM, respectively, at each side from the resistance gene. These markers can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs aiming at the introgression of this gene in susceptible B. oleracea genotypes. The fine mapping of the genomic region surrounding the Pp523 resistance gene is currently being carried out, a basic condition for its isolation via positional cloning.