Percorrer por autor "Raposo, Mauro"
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- Climatology, bioclimatology and vegetation cover: tools to mitigate climate change in olive grovesPublication . Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Fuentes, Jose Carlos Piñar; Gea, Felipe Leiva; Ighbareyeh, Jehad Mahmoud Hussein; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Meireles, Catarina Isabel Rodrigues; Raposo, Mauro; Gomes, Carlos Jose Pinto; Spampinato, Giovanni; del Río González, Sara; Musarella, Carmelo Maria; Cano, EusebioThis work establishes the relationship between bioclimatology and agronomy. Bioclimatic indices are obtained for several areas under olive cultivation and correlated with olive yields. Due to the effect of climate change on cultivation and the high economic losses it produces, we propose a sustainable development model for the territorial classification of crops based on bioclimatic knowledge. Bioclimatic diagrams are prepared to provide information on water stress in crops so that irrigation can be carried out at the most effective time, a measure that has been shown to lead to water and energy savings for growers. In addition to this development model, we propose the application of non-aggressive cultivation techniques such as the use of living plant cover to ensure the protection of the soil and avoid losses due to climate irregularities. Studies conducted up to the present on applied bioclimatology have yielded promising results in the fields of farming and forestry. The maps and bioclimatic indices of Professor Rivas-Martínez, Ic, Io and It/Itc, are essential for bioclimatic classification. The agricultural development model with a bioclimatic basis ensures economic savings for growers and minimizes the environmental impact of cultivation. In the case of olive cultivation we detected that in 2005 all the cultivated areas that were not in their thermoclimatic optimum were damaged by frost. The widespread cultivation of olive groves in the Mediterranean basin, and mainly in the south of Spain, is reason enough to establish a relationship between its production and its bioclimatic environment. The ombroclimatic study in certain localities under olive cultivation shows that areas with Io <2.5 are unproductive (Jodar, Tabernas), and that their low Io value needs to be supplemented with irrigation water. This means extracting water from aquifers for agricultural use, when the current climate irregularities do not allow the excessive use of subsoil water. For the time being the only way of mitigating this situation is with sustainable development, which requires a bioclimatic understanding of the territory; and the use of appropriate cultivation techniques, including herbaceous plant covers. In this last case a knowledge of the plant associations in the phytosociological class Stellarietea mediae constitutes the basis for establishing either natural or sown vegetation cover.
- Contribution to the knowledge of rocky plant communities of the Southwest Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Spampinato, Giovanni; del Río, Sara; Raposo, Mauro; Fuentes, José Carlos Piñar; Gomes, Carlos PintoThe rocky habitats of southern Portugal are ecosystems with extreme xericity conditions, associated with special abiotic strains. In these unstable ecological conditions, a considerable diversity of plant communities occurs. The objective of this study, carried out in the Algarve and Monchique, and the Mariánica Range biogeographical sectors, is to compare chasmo-chomophytic communities of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, using a phytosociological approach (Braun–Blanquet methodology) and numerical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis). From these results, two new communities were identified, Sanguisorbo rupicolae-Dianthetum crassipedis and Antirrhinetum onubensis, as a result of floristic and biogeographical differences from other associations already described within the alliances Rumici indurati-Dianthion lusitani and Calendulo lusitanicae-Antirrhinion linkiani, both included in the Phagnalo saxatilis-Rumicetea indurate class.
- Ecological and syntaxonomic analysis of the communities of glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean areaPublication . Cano, Eusebio; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Piñar Fuentes, Jose Carlos; Meireles, Catarina Rodrigues; Raposo, Mauro; Gomes, Carlos Pinto; Laface, Valentina Lucia Astrid; Spampinato, Giovanni; Musarella, Carmelo MariaNitrophilous communities dominated by Glebionis coronaria and Glebionis discolor in the European Mediterranean area were studied. The nomenclature was corrected according to the current taxonomy, following the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN). The statistical analysis revealed six new associations and one subassociation, with four in Spain, one in Greece, and one in Italy. Additionally, a subassociation of high relevance due to its endemic character was identified. These grasslands exhibit requirements for organic matter and other edaphic nutrients that are closer to those of Malva neglecta communities than to those of Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum. We confirmed the published syntaxon with the rank of Resedo albae-Glebionenion coronariae suballiance and its subordination to the Malvion neglectae alliance, and we established the type association for this suballiance. Sisimbrietalia officinalis J. Tüxen in Lohmeyer et al. 1962 em. Rivas-Martínez, Báscones, T. E. Díaz, Fernández-González & Loidi 1991. Stellarietea mediae Tüxen, Lohmeyer & Preising ex von Rochow 1951.
- Methodology for research and learning about mediterranean pasturesPublication . Ortiz, Ana Cano; Meireles, Catarina I. Rodrigues; Raposo, Mauro; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Fuentes, José Carlos Piñar; Cano, EusebioIn the field study of Mediterranean grasslands, two types were identified, which from the edaphic point of view are classified as subnitrophilic and nitrophilic. Subnitrophilic grasslands include communities dominated by Taeniatherum caput-medusae and to a lesser extent by species of the genus Medicago sp. The second group of nitrophilic grasslands includes two subgroups: (1) those with a high percentage of Hordeum leporinum, which together with subnitrophilic grasslands have a high value for cattle and horse breeding, and as carbon sinks due to the high absorption of CO2. To subgroup (2) belong the grasslands of the Spanish dehesas and Portuguese montados, very rich in Poa bulbosa, Trifolium subterraneum, Biserrula pelecinus, considered of interest by the habitats directive and national and regional governments. Grasslands belonging to the Poetea bulbosae class are of interest for sheep farming, but not as CO2 sinks because they have a lower biomass than the subnitrophilous and nitrophilous of the Sellarietea mediae class. Considering the jaw system of the three types of livestock and the structure of the different pastures, a close correlation should be established between the type of livestock and the type of pasture. All these aspects should be known by future managers, which will enable them to defend the conservation and use of Mediterranean pastures, hence the need to teach them in Universities and Research Centers.
- Originalities of willow of salix atrocinerea Brot. in mediterranean EuropePublication . Raposo, Mauro; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Spampinato, Giovanni; Pinto Gomes, CarlosWillow communities (genus Salix) occurring in Mediterranean Europe are presented, showing, through statistical treatment with multivariate cluster analysis, the separation of the di erent plant communities and their sintaxonomic a liation. Six willow communities have been identified, whose formations include a set of plants with high heritage value. We highlight plants with legal protection status (Annex IV and II of the Habitats Directive-92/43/EEC), endemic, rare, and endangered species such as Salix salviifolia subsp. australis, Cheirolophus uliginosus, Euphorbia uliginosa and Leuzea longifolia. Therefore, two new willow communities are proposed for the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The first dominated by Salix atrocinerea, Frangulo baticae-Salicetum atrocinereae ass. nova of ribatagan distribution, under acid substrates, thermomediterranean to lower mesomediterranean, dry to sub-humid. The second, dominated by the endemic Salix salviifolia subsp. australis, Clematis flammulae-Salicetum australis distributed in the Algarve, developing on neutral-basic substrates, exclusively thermomediterranous, dry to sub-humid. In both cases, there are presented on their own floristic serial, ecology, and substitution steps. A new hygrophytic meadows was also identified dominated by Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinaceae, Cheirolopho uliginosii-Molinietum arundinaceae ass. new hoc loco, which lives on substrates rich in organic matter, exclusive to the Ribatagano Sector. Through the deepening of knowledge about the composition and dynamics of riparian vegetation, it is possible to adapt management methods to sustain and protect these important edafo-hygrophilic systems in the Mediterranean.
- Quercus rotundifolia Lam. Woodlands of the Southwestern Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Musarella, Carmelo Maria; del Río, Sara; Raposo, Mauro; Fuentes, José Carlos Piñar; Gomes, Carlos PintoThe holm oak woodlands as ecotonic phytocoenoses occur under different ecological conditions, and frequently representing the climax of edaphoxerophilous series of crests and siliceous rocky areas. In this paper we study the floristic, ecological, and biogeographical differences of the edaphoxerophilous holm oak woodlands of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, included in the Querco rotundifoliae-Oleenion sylvestris suballiance. Our phytosociological (Braun–Blanquet methodology) and numerical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis) of three formerly described association and our own samples lead us to propose a new association: Ulici argentei-Quercetum rotundifoliae, growing mostly on semihyperoceanic Monchique Sierran Biogeographic District, on rocky slopes and outcrops derived from schists and greywackes. Moreover, we present an overview of ecological features and the diversity of plant communities occurring in the serial dynamic of the thermophile holm oak woodlands of the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
- Research and management of thermophilic cork forests in the central-south of the Iberian peninsulaPublication . Carmona, Eusebio Cano; Fuentes, José Carlos Piñar; Cano-Ortiz, Ana; Quinto Canas, Ricardo; Meireles, Catarina Rodríguez; Raposo, Mauro; Gomes, Carlos José Pinto; Spampinato, Giovanni; Musarella, Carmelo MariaThe investigated Iberian cork oak forests represent one of the ecosystems of greatest interest in the Iberian Peninsula, not only because of the ecosystem services they provide, but also because they are unique habitats in Europe and North Africa (habitat 9330). Due to the interest, they present, we carried out this study in order to obtain as exhaustive knowledge as possible, and to be able to offer environmental managers more information. We examined 12 cork oak associations in the Iberian Peninsula, both in their floristics, ecology and distribution as well as in terms of their dynamics, and we discovered that there are climaxes of Quercus Suber whose dynamics have not been established. We make a name correction because the name of the taxon used for the binomen Junipero badiaeQuercetum suberis Rivas-Martínez et al. 2002 nom corr, is not valid. We also propose the correction of the name of the association Cheirolopho sempervirentis-Quercetum suberis Pérez Latorre, Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 2008 nom. corr. The dynamics for the Cheirolopho sempervirentis-Quercetum suberis cork oak forest and the Cheirolopho sempervirentis-Arbutetum unedonis nova and Bupleuro gibraltarici-Quercetum suberis nova associations, and two plant communities are described. Based on the results obtained and the ICPN mandate, we propose to synonymize Oleo sylvestris-Quercetum suberis Rivas Goday, Galiano & Rivas-Martínez ex Rivas-Martínez 1987= (syn: Aro neglecti- Quercetum suberis Rivas-Martínez & Díez Garretas 2011).