Browsing by Author "Santos-Rufo, Antonio"
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- Comparative analysis of anatomical characteristics and phenolic compounds of two highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars with different rooting ability of semi-hardwood cuttingsPublication . Santos-Rufo, Antonio; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Fernández-Recamales, M. Ángeles; Sayago-Gómez, Ana; Weiland-Ardaiz, Carlos M.There is no information on morphological, anatomical or phenolic concentration differences between blueberry cultivars that could be related to the differential rooting responses. In the present work, such differences were evaluated comparing the rooting zones of cuttings from two blueberry cultivars ('Jewel' and 'Violeta' with 4n and 2n ploidy level, respectively). The parameters were measured during 150 days of rooting (rooting day after cutting insertion; RAI) at 30-day interval after treatment with 3 g/L of IBA. Stem length, stem diameter and number of leaves and buds were measured and tissue sections from cuttings were stained to measure tissue thickness. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the phenolic profile by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detection were also evaluated in rooting zones. 'Jewel' rooted earlier and in higher percentage than 'Violeta'. ANOVA showed that phenolic compounds, in a higher extent, and some morphological and anatomical parameters, in a lower extent, had a positive effect on rooting capacity. In both blueberry cultivars, the cuttings with the highest phenolic content presented an early rooting capacity. The multivariate analyses allowed us to corroborate these results. FiPLS selected common variables (coumaric acid and stem diameter) and specific variables depending on the cultivar (gallic acid, stem length and number of leaves for 'Jewel'; and, vanillic acid, rutin, and cortex thickness for 'Violeta'). PCA allowed to group the 'Violeta' samples (unrooted and rooted at 60, 90, 120 and 150 RAI) in compact homogeneous clusters with an adequate explanation rate (44.7 %). From all parameters, stem diameter seems to be inversely related, and cortex thickness and p-coumaric acid and rutin seems to be positively related to the earliest rooting day after insertion (RAI 60), while the largest the stem, the earlier the rooting. In future works, more cultivars and other parameters and phenolic compounds that can induce the rooting in cuttings, including their evolution over time, should be investigated.
- Machine learning unveils the action of different endogenous phenolic compounds present or formed along the rooting development in olive stem cuttingsPublication . Santos-Rufo, Antonio; Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Fernández-Recamales, Ángeles; Sayago-Gómez, Ana; Weiland-Ardáiz, CarlosChanges in the endogenous phenolic content of plant rooting could be influenced by genotype, hormones, or the interaction of both factors, thus modifying the plant rooting capacity/ability along the rooting development. In this study, the combined effects of IBA treatment and cultivar capacity on the rooting development of olive cuttings were modeled by the temporary assessment of simple and total phenolic content (TPC). Rooting ability and phenolic profile were monitored. Results indicated the lowest cumulative rooting in `Lechin-de-Sevilla´, and the highest rooting speed during the first days of the trial in high-rooting cultivars (‘Verdial-de-Hu´evar’ and ‘Arbequina’). A total of 14 phenolic compounds comprising phenolic acids and aldehyde (8), flavonoids (5), and a glycosylated seco-iridoid were quantified in rooted olive cuttings. Most of the phenolics presented a significant higher concentration in the ‘Lechin-de-Sevilla’ cultivar, except for the ferulic acid and luteolin, as well the TPC that varied as did the rooting parameter. At the end of the rooting trial (60 days), luteolin in `Verdial de Hu´evar’ and `Gordal sevillana’ cultivars and ferulic acid in `Lechin de Sevilla’ were the phenolics exclusively found in the highest concentrations. Time did not affect vanillin and oleuropein, although in the case of high-rooting cultivars, values for these compounds were almost constant, while in low- or medium-rooting cultivars, by general, increased or decreased, respectively. The Random Forest algorithm allowed to predict from a complex number of variables, which affected the rooting ability of olive cuttings independently of the cultivar and auxin treatment, finding that luteolin was the best indicator over time.
- The influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition and antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacities of carob liqueurs obtained with different elaboration techniquesPublication . Rodríguez Solana, Raquel; Coelho, Natacha; Santos-Rufo, Antonio; Gonçalves, Sandra; Pérez-Santín, Efrén; Romano, AnabelaCarob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.