Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-12"
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- Testing Nordmore grids on the target and by-catch species of the commercial bottom trawl fishery in the Gulf of CadizPublication . Gamaza, MariÁngeles; Sobrino, Ignacio; Erzini, KarimSorting grids have been tested worldwide in trawl fisheries. Here we report upon the first trials performed using Nordmore sorting grids with four different bar spacings in the trawl fisheries of the Gulf of Cadiz targeting crustaceans as the main resource. A total of 288 valid hauls and 67 commercial species were caught. Escapement and escape size selectivity were evaluated for the most important target and by-catch species. A decrease in the percentage of biomass escape was recorded with increasing grid spacing for the two target species, deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), from 24% to 8% for the former and from 86 to 9% for the latter, with a 15-mm and 30-mm grid respectively. In general, high escape rates were found for most finfish and cephalopods. For hake (Merluccius merluccius), as the main by-catch species, the results showed an escape rate decreasing from 96% to 71% as the bar spacing increased. Our findings suggest the 30-mm grid would be effective for the deep-water crustacean trawlers but different mitigation measures will be required for other metiers in the multispecies trawl fishery of the Gulf of Cadiz.
- Orson Welles y el cine de Hollywood en la década de 1940Publication . Carrega, JorgeCuando se estrenó, en pleno apogeo del cine clásico, Citizen Kane (1941) marcó el início de una nueva época en la história del cine de Hollywood. A pesar de haber realizado solo cinco películas durante la década de 1940, la influencia de Orson Welles en el cine de Hollywood de este período fue enorme, contribuyendo a la afirmación del cineasta en cuanto autor al desarrollo de un cine posclásico que asumía a veces características manieiristas.
- O perfil do designer e o papel do design nas empresas em PortugalPublication . Agapito, Dora; Almeida, H.; Almeida, Marisa; Fernandes, Sílvia; Lacerda, António
- Birth date predicts alternative life-history pathways in a fish with sequential reproductive tacticsPublication . Fagundes, Teresa; Simões, Mariana G.; L. Saraiva, João; Ros, Albert F. H.; Gonçalves, David; Oliveira, Rui F.1. In species with plastic expression of alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), individuals of the same sex, usually males, can adopt different reproductive tactics depending on factors such as body size. 2. The 'birth date hypothesis' proposes that condition-dependent expression of ARTs may ultimately depend on birth date, because individuals born at different times of the year may achieve different sizes and express different reproductive tactics accordingly. However, this has rarely been tested. 3. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a fish with ARTs, the peacock blenny (Salaria pavo). A long-term (6 years) mark-recapture study demonstrated that ARTs in the peacock blenny were sequential and that males may follow at least two alternative life-history pathways: a nestholder pathway, in which males express the nest-holder tactic from their first breeding season onwards, and a parasitic pathway, where males reproduce on their first breeding season as sneaker males and subsequently as nest-holders. 4. We have found evidence of a birth date effect on the expression of ARTs in the peacock blenny. Males following the nest-holder pathway are born earlier and are larger at the first breeding season than males following the parasitic pathway, but they have similar growth curves. 5. The mechanisms underlying a birth date effect are far from clear and might be diverse. We have not found support for a mechanism of body size threshold triggering sexual maturation and subsequent ARTs. A mechanism of tactic determination that is strictly based on timing of first maturation is also unlikely. 6. A proxy of lifetime reproductive success shows crossing (body size associated) fitness curves for the two main life-history pathways.
- Clinicoepidemiological profile of cerebral venous thrombosis in Algarve, Portugal: a retrospective observational studyPublication . Nzwalo, Hipólito; Rodrigues, Fatima; Carneiro, Patricia; Macedo, Ana; Ferreira, Fatima; Basilio, CarlosBackground: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a very uncommon disorder with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. There are few studies describing the clinical and epidemiological profile of CVT in peripheral or rural areas. Over the last decades, the frequency in which this disease is diagnosed has increased due to greater awareness and availability of noninvasive diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based retrospective case review of adult (>= 15 years) patients with CVT between 2001 and 2012 is described. 31 patients with confirmed imagiological diagnosis of CVT were included. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using R version 2.15.2. Incidence rate was computed as number of new cases by time. Confidence interval (CI) was set at 95% and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average annual incidence was 0.84 (CI: 0.58-1.18) to 0.73 (CI: 0.5-1.02) per 100 000 cases for adult population. There were 23 (74%) women and 8 (26%) men. Predominant initial manifestations were headache, followed by altered mental status and seizures. Median diagnostic delay from onset of illness was 8 days. All patients were treated with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular heparin followed by warfarin. Complete recovery occurred in the majority of cases 22 (78.6%) but two patients died during hospitalization. Conclusions: Albeit with some particularities, the epidemiology and clinical manifestations we found are comparable to what has been reported in western studies.
- Using bio-optical parameters as a tool for detecting changes in the phytoplankton community (SW Portugal)Publication . Goela, Priscila; Icely, John; Cristina, Sonia; Danchenko, Sergei; Angel DelValls, T.; Newton, AliceUpwelling events off the Southwest coast of Portugal can trigger phytoplankton blooms that are important for the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in this region. However, climate change scenarios forecast fluctuations in the intensity and frequency of upwelling events, thereby potentially impacting these sectors. Shifts in the phytoplankton community were analysed from the end of 2008 until the beginning of 2012 by examining the bio-optical properties of the water column, namely the absorption coefficients for phytoplankton, non-algal particles and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The phytoplankton community was assessed by microscopy, with counts from an inverted microscope, and by chemotaxonomic methodologies, using pigment concentrations determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results both from microscopy and from chemotaxonomic methods showed a shift from diatom dominance related to bloom conditions matching upwelling events, to small flagellate dominance related to no-bloom conditions matching relaxation of upwelling. During bloom conditions, light absorption from phytoplankton increased markedly, while non-algal particles and CDOM absorption remained relatively constant. The dynamics of CDOM in the study area was attributed to coastal influences rather than from phytoplankton origin. Changes in phytoplankton biomass and consequent alterations in phytoplankton absorption coefficients were attributed to upwelling regimes in the area. Bio-optical parameters can contribute to environmental monitoring of coastal and oceanic waters, which in the case of the European Union, involves the implementation of the Water Framework, Marine Strategy Framework and Marine Spatial Planning Directives. (C) 2015 The Authors.Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- European's biochemical engineering to face the megatrends and associated challenges beyond 2020Publication . Ferreira, Guilherme
- Bioenergetic cues shift FXR splicing towards FXR alpha 2 to modulate hepatic lipolysis and fatty acid metabolismPublication . Correia, Jorge; Massart, Julie; de Boer, Jan Freark; Porsmyr-Palmertz, Margareta; Martinez-Redondo, Vicente; Agudelo, Leandro Z.; Sinha, Indranil; Meierhofer, David; Ribeiro, Vera; Bjornholm, Marie; Sauer, Sascha; Dahlman-Wright, Karin; Zierath, Juleen R.; Groen, Albert K.; Ruas, Jorge L.Objective: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a prominent role in hepatic lipid metabolism. The FXR gene encodes four proteins with structural differences suggestive of discrete biological functions about which little is known. Methods: We expressed each FXR variant in primary hepatocytes and evaluated global gene expression, lipid profile, and metabolic fluxes. Gene delivery of FXR variants to Fxr(-/-) mouse liver was performed to evaluate their role in vivo. The effects of fasting and physical exercise on hepatic Fxr splicing were determined. Results: We show that FXR splice isoforms regulate largely different gene sets and have specific effects on hepatic metabolism. FXR alpha 2 (but not alpha 1) activates a broad transcriptional program in hepatocytes conducive to lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Consequently, FXR alpha 2 decreases cellular lipid accumulation and improves cellular insulin signaling to AKT. FXR alpha 2 expression in Fxr(-/-) mouse liver activates a similar gene program and robustly decreases hepatic triglyceride levels. On the other hand, FXRa1 reduces hepatic triglyceride content to a lesser extent and does so through regulation of lipogenic gene expression. Bioenergetic cues, such as fasting and exercise, dynamically regulate Fxr splicing in mouse liver to increase Fxr alpha 2 expression. Conclusions: Our results show that the main FXR variants in human liver (alpha 1 and alpha 2) reduce hepatic lipid accumulation through distinct mechanisms and to different degrees. Taking this novel mechanism into account could greatly improve the pharmacological targeting and therapeutic efficacy of FXR agonists. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
- The active social state: a new legitimating paradigm of public policies in PortugalPublication . Martins, JoãoIn this article we set out a critical reflection on state activation policies, based on an analysis of the empirical results of sociological research on the implementation of public policies on adult education under the New Opportunities Initiative framework in Portugal. Based on depictions of the specialists who are responsible for implementing this measure, the new public policies paradigm centered in the idea of an active social State is questioned, since it can be seen that not all beneficiaries are viewed as having the characteristics needed to meet the State's activation ideology. From a qualitative study using in - depth interviews with adult educators, it was possible to build a beneficiary typology that relates to a multiplicity of modes of relation to the proposals of state activation.
- The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014Publication . Mawji, Edward; Schlitzer, Reiner; Dodas, Elena Masferrer; Abadie, Cyril; Abouchami, Wafa; Anderson, Robert F.; Baars, Oliver; Bakker, Karel; Baskaran, Mark; Bates, Nicholas R.; Bluhm, Katrin; Kretschmer, Sven; Kumamoto, Yuichiro; Laan, Patrick; Labatut, Marie; Lacan, Francois; Lam, Phoebe J. Lam; Lannuzel, Delphine; le Moigne, Frederique; Lechtenfeld, Oliver J.; Lohan, Maeve C.; Saito, Mak A.; Lu, Yanbin; Masqué, Pere; McClain, Charles R.; Measures, Christopher; Middag, Rob; Moffett, James; Navidad, Alicia; Nishioka, Jun; Noble, Abigail; Obata, Hajime; Roshan, Saeed; Ohnemus, Daniel C.; Owens, Stephanie; Planchon, Frédéri; Pradoux, Catherine; Puigcorbé, Viena; Quay, Paul; Radic, Amandine; Obata; Rehkämper, Mark; Remenyi, Tomas; Salt, Lesley; Rijkenberg, Micha J. A.; Rintoul, Stephen; Robinson, Laura F.; Roeske, Tobias; Rosenberg, Mark; van der Loeff, Michiel Rutgers; Ryabenko, Evgenia; Sarthou, Géraldine; Schauer, Ursula; Scott, Peter; Sedwick, Peter N.; Sha, Lijuan; Shiller, Alan M.; Sigman, Daniel M.; Bowie, Andrew; Smethie, William; Smith, Geoffrey J; Sohrin, Yoshiki; Speich, Sabrina; Stichel, Torben; Stutsman, Johnny; Swif, James H; Tagliabue, Alessandro; Thomas, Alexander; Tsunogai, Urumu; Bown, Johann; Twining, Benjamin S.; van Aken, Hendrik M.; van Heuven, Steven; van Ooijen, Jan; van Weerlee, Evaline; Venchiarutti, Celia; Voelker, Antje; Wake, Bronwyn; Warner, Mark J.; Woodward, E. Malcolm S. W; Boye, Marie; Wu, Jingfeng Wu; Wyatt, Neil; Yoshikawa, Hisayuki; Zheng, Xin-Yuan; Xue, Zichen; Zieringer, Moritz; Zimmer, Louise A.; Boyle, Edward A.; Branellec, Pierre; Bruland, Kenneth W.; Brzezinski, Mark A.; Bucciarelli, Eva; Buesseler, Ken; Butler, Edward; Cai, Pinghe; Cardinal, Damien; Casciotti, Karen; Chaves, Joaquin; Cheng, Hai; Chever, Fanny; Church, Thomas M.; Colman, Albert S.; Conway, Tim M.; Croot, Peter L.; Cutter, Gregory A.; de Baar, Hein J.W.; Souza, Gregory F. de; Dehairs, Frank; Deng, Feifei; Thi Dieu, Huong; Dulaquais, Gabriel; Echegoyen-Sanz, Yolanda; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Fitzsimmons, Jessica; Martin, Fleisher; Frank, Martin; Friedrich, Jana; Fripiat, François; Galer, Stephen J. G.; Gamo, Toshitaka; Solsona, Ester Garcia; Gerringa, Loes J. A.; Godoy, José Marcus; Gonzalez, Santiago; Grossteffan, Emilie; Hatta, Mariko; Hayes, Christopher T.; Heller, Maija Iris; Henderson, Gideon Henderson; Huang, Kuo-Fang; Jeandel, Catherine; Jenkins, William J.; Seth, John; Kenna, Timothy C.; Klunder, MaartenThe GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014 (IDP2014) is the first publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2013. It consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 200 trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) as well as classical hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing a strongly inter-linked on-line atlas including more than 300 section plots and 90 animated 3D scenes. The IDP2014 covers the Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian oceans, exhibiting highest data density in the Atlantic. The TEI data in the IDP2014 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at cross-over stations. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII spreadsheet, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. In addition to the actual data values the IDP2014 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked to the data in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2014 data providing section plots and a new kind of animated 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes allow for viewing of data from many cruises at the same time, thereby providing quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. In addition, the 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of observed tracer plumes, as well as for making inferences about controlling processes.