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  • Expression of matrix gla protein (MGP) in breast cancer: a molecular and cellular approach
    Publication . Teixeira, Karine Rosário da Silva; Conceição, Natércia; Braga, Sofia
    Every year around 8.2 million people die due to cancer, in Portugal, breast cancer is the leading cause of women death (in cancer patients). Several risk factors could be pointed being age (over 50 years old), gender (females), reproductive and hormonal factors and genetic predisposition (presence of mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2) the most commons. Staging is done regarding several aspects, e.g.: histology, histopathologic localization, hormone receptors, mutations or expression of cluster genes. Research from last decades is focused into targeted therapies. MGP, matrix Gla protein, was pointed as a possible target. MGP primary structure consists in a signal peptide, a phosphorylation domain and a γ-carboxylase recognition site. MGP has also five Gla residues. For a long time, only an isoform with four exons was known, but recently was discovered a second isoform with five exons, with three additional putative binding sites, conferring, possible, a higher binding capability as well as a presumably higher calcification inhibitory power. Although MGP role in cancer is not fully understood, being upregulated in some types of tumors and downregulated others, in breast cancer, was established, as a prognostic factor, being overexpressed in poor diagnose cases. Being MGP role in tumorigenesis to be defined, the aims of this work were: clarify MGP expression in normal vs tumoral tissue (using in silica method – TCGA database); as well as clarify regulatory mechanisms of MGP (TCGA database); analyze expression of each isoform in breast cancer cell lines (results were obtained performing qRT-PCR followed by electrophoresis and sequencing of the extracted bands) and assess the result of overexpression of each isoform (using XTT and wound healing assay). We could conclude that both variants could be expressed in simultaneous. Every cell line presented E4 isoform but just a few presented E5 isoform. Hound healing assay revealed that an overexpression of E4 and E5 variants slow down the rate of the area invaded by migrating cells, specially an overexpression of E4 isoform. After in silica analyze we could conclude that MGP is more expressed in tumoral tissue vs normal tissue, existing a negative correlation between MGP expression and mir155 expression and methylation, that means that: in tumoral tissue mir155 is less expressed than in normal tissue and occurs an hypomethylation in tumoral tissue. Knowing that MGP inhibits calcification and is correlated with angiogenesis, our hypothesis is that overexpression of MGP in tumoral tissue is a mechanism of cancer to facilitate angiogenesis – a hallmark of cancer.
    2017-07-17Master thesis Open access Show more